"The Super Said It's Fine" - A Borrowed Scaffold
The general contractor's superintendent tells a painting subcontractor to "use the scaffold the masons left up - it's only been sitting since Tuesday, and it looks fine." The scaffold is 22 ft tall, four tiers, decked on the top two. What the painters find on arrival: no ladder or stairway anywhere along the 35 ft run; the top tier has a top rail and midrail on the building side and both ends, but the street side has only a top rail; one 2 in x 10 in plank on the top deck has a 14 in split running in from the end; two planks butt over a frame with no cleat; the base plates sit on 1 in x 6 in boards laid on landscape mulch; and a faded tag at the base reads "Safe for use - 3/12." Two painters, one a 20-year veteran, want to start because the super gave the okay.
1. Do the painters have a usable scaffold? Address the tag, the superintendent's approval, and who is responsible for the inspection.
Read the worked answer
No. The painters do not have a usable scaffold.
The tag is not authorization. A tag records that someone inspected the scaffold at a point in time. This tag is undated as to currency, describes a condition that no longer exists (the masons left it, and the masons are not the ones who will be exposed), and cannot cover deficiencies it never addressed. A tag at the base cannot substitute for an inspection of the deck you are about to stand on.
The superintendent's approval does not transfer the duty. Each employer is responsible for the employees it puts on a scaffold. The painting contractor's own competent person must determine that the scaffold is safe for the painters' intended use, and the painting employer cannot delegate that to a GC who is not going to be on the deck. "The super said it's fine" is not an inspection.
The inspection requirement: the scaffold must be inspected by a competent person before each work shift and after anything that could affect its integrity - a change, a storm, an impact, or a period of disuse with unknown activity. Sitting since Tuesday counts: someone else may have altered it, and it has been exposed to weather and to whatever traffic went by.
What to do now: do not start. Barricade the access, tag it "Do Not Use," notify the GC and the erecting contractor in writing with the specific deficiencies, and require correction and a documented re-inspection by a competent person before the painters go up. The 20-year veteran's confidence is the least reliable data on the site.
2. List each deficiency you found, the correct condition, and what the consequence of leaving it is.
Read the worked answer
1. No access. 35 ft of run with no ladder or stairway. Access must be provided by a portable ladder, hook-on ladder, stair tower, or equivalent - crossbraces are not an access means, and climbing the frame ends is prohibited. The ladder must be positioned and secured so the bottom is close to the supporting level and the top extends above the platform so a person has a handhold stepping off. Consequence: the crew will climb the frame, which is the single most common cause of scaffold falls.
2. Street side has only a top rail, no midrail. Above 10 ft, all open sides need a complete guardrail system: top rail with its top edge at the required height above the platform, a midrail approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform, and toe boards where material can fall to a lower level. Crossbraces may serve as a guardrail only where they meet the height and configuration criteria - a single top rail does not. Consequence: a worker steps sideways through the opening; the rail that remains acts as a pivot rather than a barrier.
3. Split plank. A 14 in split running in from the end removes the section that bears on the support. The plank must come off the deck and be replaced, not turned end-for-end or nailed. Consequence: the plank fails at the split when a worker's weight lands near the end - the exact place people stand to reach over the rail.
4. Planks butted over a frame with no cleat. Butt joints must occur over a support and the planks must be secured against separation - cleated, overlap-type, or otherwise restrained per the manufacturer's instructions. Two loose planks can walk apart underfoot. Consequence: a gap opens under a worker's foot at the support line.
5. Base on 1 in x 6 in boards on mulch. A 1 in board is not a mudsill; it will crush and deflect. Landscape mulch is not a bearing surface - it is organic, compressible, and will decay. Base plates and screw jacks must bear on mudsills of adequate section on solid, drained, compacted ground. Consequence: differential settlement over the 35 ft run, which racks the tower and puts the whole assembly out of plumb.
6. Fall protection exposure. At 22 ft, everyone on the deck is above the 10 ft threshold and requires fall protection - guardrails or a personal fall arrest system with a proper anchor, full body harness, and calculated fall distance. There is no anchor indicated on this scaffold.
3. The super pushes back: "The masons were up there all last week and nothing happened." Give your response, and describe the handoff and documentation you want before the painters start.
Read the worked answer
Response to the super: "The masons working without an incident tells us the failure hasn't happened yet, not that the scaffold is safe. Every one of these deficiencies is a probability problem, not a certainty - a single top rail holds until someone leans on it, a split plank holds until the split reaches the bearing point. What we do know is that none of these conditions meets the requirement, and I can't put my people on a deck I'd have to defend in an incident report. If one of my painters falls through that open side, 'the masons were up there last week' is not a defense for me, and it won't be one for you."
Handoff and documentation before work starts:
- Written notice to the GC and the erecting contractor listing each deficiency and the required correction - access, midrail, split plank, unsecured butt joint, mudsill and base.
- Corrections performed by qualified scaffold personnel, not by the painters and not by the laborers who happen to be nearby. If the painters correct anything themselves, they own it.
- Documented re-inspection by a competent person - name, date, time, findings, and the intended load rating.
- A current tag at each access point reflecting that inspection, with the load rating and the date.
- A defined access point that the painters control, so the deck is not shared with other trades and materials without coordination.
- A short pre-shift check by the painters' own competent person each morning, and a stop-work trigger for any change - alteration, storm, impact, or anything that looks different from the day before.
- A written record of the pushback - the date and time the GC directed use of a deficient scaffold - because the direction to proceed is itself a condition the painters need to have documented.