CAQ-OBGYN flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Naegele rule

Estimated due date is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period plus 280 days, or 9 months and 7 days, assuming a regular 28-day cycle.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss of 1000 mL or more, or any blood loss accompanied by signs of hemodynamic instability, occurring within 24 hours after birth.

Magnesium sulfate loading dose

For eclampsia prophylaxis, 4 to 6 grams intravenously over 20 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 1 to 2 grams per hour.

Reactive nonstress test

Two accelerations of at least 15 beats per minute lasting 15 seconds within a 20-minute window at 32 weeks gestation or later.

GBS prophylaxis indication

Intrapartum penicillin is given for maternal group B streptococcus colonization, prior infant with invasive disease, or group B streptococcus bacteriuria at any colony count.

Preeclampsia severe features

Blood pressure of 160/110 mm Hg or higher, platelets below 100,000, creatinine above 1.1 mg/dL, doubled transaminases, or pulmonary edema.

Shoulder dystocia sequence

Maneuvers proceed from McRoberts position and suprapubic pressure to internal rotation, delivery of the posterior arm, and finally cephalic replacement.

RhD immune globulin timing

Given at 28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery of an RhD-positive infant to an unsensitized RhD-negative mother, at a dose of 300 micrograms.

PALM-COEIN classification

System for abnormal uterine bleeding: structural causes are polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy; nonstructural are coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, not otherwise classified.

Cervical cancer screening intervals

Cytology alone every 3 years from age 21, or human papillomavirus co-testing every 5 years from age 30, with exit at age 65 after adequate negative screening.

Amsel criteria

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis requires three of four: homogeneous discharge, vaginal pH above 4.5, positive whiff test, and clue cells on microscopy.

Discriminatory hCG zone

A serum human chorionic gonadotropin level of 3500 mIU/mL, above which an intrauterine gestational sac should be visible on transvaginal ultrasound.

Ovarian torsion management

Sudden unilateral pelvic pain with an enlarged ovary warrants laparoscopy; detorsion with ovarian preservation is preferred rather than oophorectomy.

Copper IUD duration

The copper intrauterine device provides contraception for up to 10 years and is also used for emergency contraception within 5 days of unprotected intercourse.

Endometrial biopsy threshold

Biopsy is indicated for abnormal uterine bleeding in women older than 45 years, or younger women with obesity, chronic anovulation, or other endometrial cancer risk factors.

Ovarian cancer stage III

Tumor involving one or both ovaries with peritoneal spread outside the pelvis or retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, but without distant parenchymal metastasis.

BRCA and PARP inhibitors

Maintenance with a PARP inhibitor improves progression-free survival in epithelial ovarian cancer harboring a BRCA mutation after platinum-based chemotherapy.

FIGO stage IB1 cervix

Invasive cervical carcinoma confined to the cervix measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, treated surgically or with radiation depending on fertility goals.

Type II endometrial cancer

Non-estrogen-dependent endometrial carcinoma, most often serous or clear cell histology, associated with older age, high grade, and poorer prognosis.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Persistent trophoblastic disease after molar pregnancy, indicated by a plateau of human chorionic gonadotropin over 3 weeks or a rise over 2 weeks.

Vulvar cancer lymphatic spread

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva drains first to the superficial inguinal nodes, so groin node assessment guides staging and treatment.

Tumor marker associations

CA-125 marks epithelial ovarian cancer, alpha-fetoprotein marks yolk sac tumors, and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin marks choriocarcinoma and other germ cell tumors.

Lynch syndrome screening

Endometrial tumors are tested with immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins; loss of expression prompts genetic counseling and germline testing.

Rotterdam criteria

Polycystic ovary syndrome requires two of three: oligo-ovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound.

Infertility evaluation timing

Evaluation starts after 12 months of unprotected intercourse, or after 6 months if the woman is 35 years or older, beginning with semen analysis and ovulation assessment.

Clomiphene citrate protocol

Started on cycle days 2 through 5; ovulation is confirmed by a midluteal serum progesterone level above 3 ng/mL.

Ovarian reserve markers

Antral follicle count and anti-Mullerian hormone estimate remaining follicles; anti-Mullerian hormone of 1.1 ng/mL or lower suggests diminished ovarian reserve.

Hypothalamic amenorrhea

Amenorrhea with low gonadotropins, low estradiol, and low body mass index; fertility treatment uses caloric restoration and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Premature ovarian insufficiency

Amenorrhea for 4 months or more with follicle-stimulating hormone above 40 mIU/mL on two occasions before age 40, requiring hormone therapy and fertility counseling.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Iatrogenic complication of ovulation induction with ovarian enlargement and capillary leak; severe disease shows hematocrit above 45 percent, oliguria, or thromboembolism.

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causing hyperandrogenic anovulation, diagnosed by elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone; it is a treatable cause of hirsutism and infertility.