ND Esthetician cheat sheet

Infection requires three elements: a susceptible host, a pathogen, and a portal of entry; breaking any link prevents transmission.

Five classes of potentially infectious organisms in the salon: bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, and biofilms.

Disinfectants must be EPA-registered hospital-grade with a demonstrated tuberculocidal claim for bloodborne pathogen exposure; quats are typically bactericidal but often not tuberculocidal.

Contact time is the label-stated wet time the implement must remain fully submerged; removing early voids the disinfection claim.

Single-use items (wax strips, wooden spatulas, lancets, cotton) are discarded after one client and never disinfected for reuse.

Implements must be cleaned of debris before immersion; organic matter inactivates most disinfectants.

Standard precautions treat all blood and body fluids as infectious; gloves are required for waxing, extractions, and any procedure that may cause bleeding.

Hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is required after glove removal and before and after every client; alcohol gel does not remove soil.

North Dakota requires a bloodborne pathogen training component for licensure; exposure incidents are documented and reported per facility policy.

Epidermis layers from deep to superficial: stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum (palms and soles only), corneum.

Keratinocyte transit from basale to desquamation takes roughly 28 days in young, healthy skin and lengthens with age and photodamage.

The stratum basale houses melanocytes (roughly 1 per 10 basal cells) and Merkel cells; melanin is transferred via melanosomes to keratinocytes.

Dermis contains papillary and reticular layers; fibroblasts produce collagen (tensile strength) and elastin (recoil), plus glycosaminoglycans for hydration.

Sebaceous glands are attached to hair follicles and are dense on the face, scalp, and upper trunk; eccrine sweat glands are everywhere, apocrine glands in axillae and groin.

Skin barrier function resides in the corneum lipid matrix (ceramides, cholesterol, free fatty acids) in a roughly equimolar ratio; barrier disruption raises transepidermal water loss.

Skin pH averages about 4.5-5.5 (acid mantle), supporting enzymes of desquamation and limiting pathogen growth.

Skin functions include protection, sensation, thermoregulation, excretion, secretion, vitamin D synthesis, and immune surveillance (Langerhans cells).

Sun exposure is the leading extrinsic cause of photoaging; UVA penetrates to the dermis and drives collagen degradation, UVB drives direct DNA damage and erythema.

Fitzpatrick phototypes I-VI describe sun reactivity; I always burns and never tans, VI is deeply pigmented and rarely burns; higher types carry greater risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Fitzpatrick typing does not predict skin sensitivity or barrier status; assess them separately.

Baumann/Goldman typing pairs four parameters: oily vs dry, sensitive vs resistant, pigmented vs nonpigmented, wrinkled vs tight.

Skin type is largely genetic and stable; skin condition (dehydration, sensitization, oiliness from environment or products) is temporary and treatable.

T-zone oiliness with normal cheeks is combination skin; allover shine with visible pores and comedones indicates oily skin.

Dehydrated skin shows fine lines, tightness, and dullness and can coexist with oily skin; oily skin reflects sebum production, not water content.

Lesion vocabulary: papule (raised, no fluid), pustule (pus-filled), comedo (open or closed plug), macule (flat color change), wheal (edema, e.g., hives), cyst (deep, sac-like).

Assessment order: cleanse, magnified visual inspection under good light, palpation, then questioning about history, products, and sensitivities.

Contraindication triggers found in analysis: active cold sore, open lesions, sunburn, recent waxing or laser, isotretinoin use, and undiagnosed pigmented lesions referred to a physician.

Intake form elements: contact and emergency information, medications, allergies, pregnancy status, skin and medical history, prior cosmetic procedures, and consent signature.

Absolute contraindications for most facial treatments: active infection or cold sore, open or weeping lesions, recent chemical peel or laser within the healing window, sunburn, and uncontrolled skin disease.

Isotretinoin (Accutane) within the past 6-12 months contraindicates waxing, exfoliation, and aggressive extractions because of fragile, thinning skin.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding warrant avoiding retinoids, high-percentage salicylic acid, and elective electrical treatments unless the client's physician approves.

Photosensitizing medications (tetracyclines, isotretinoin, some diuretics) raise the risk of peel and light-device reactions.

Documentation must be contemporaneous and legible: date, service, products and percentages used, skin response, adverse events, aftercare given, and client signature.

Records are retained per North Dakota Board of Cosmetology rule and facility policy; corrections are made by single-line strike-through with initials, never obliteration.

Scope of practice: estheticians do not diagnose or treat disease; suspicious lesions, rashes, and eye conditions are referred to a physician.

Informed consent must state realistic outcomes, risks (erythema, peeling, hyperpigmentation), alternatives, and the client's right to stop the service.

Standard facial sequence: consultation and analysis, cleansing, exfoliation, extractions (if indicated), massage, mask, treatment products, moisturizer, sunscreen, home-care recommendations.

Cleansers: foaming and gel types suit oily skin; cream and milky types suit dry or sensitive skin; micellar water is a no-rinse makeup remover.

Exfoliants split into physical (scrubs, enzymes, brushing) and chemical (AHA, BHA, PHA, retinoids); never combine aggressive physical and chemical exfoliation in one session.

AHA (glycolic, lactic, mandelic) are water-soluble, work at the surface, and suit sun-damaged or dull skin; BHA (salicylic) is oil-soluble and favors pores and acne-prone skin.

Humectants (glycerin, hyaluronic acid) attract water; emollients (oils, esters) soften and fill corneum gaps; occlusives (petrolatum, dimethicone) reduce water loss.

Antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, ferulic acid) neutralize free radicals; L-ascorbic acid is most effective below pH 3.5 and is stabilized by ferulic acid.

Retinoids increase cell turnover and collagen synthesis; they cause irritation and photosensitivity, so they are applied at night with daytime sunscreen.

Mask selection: clay for oil absorption, gel for cooling and hydration, cream for barrier repair, sheet masks for short-term hydration.

Sunscreen is the final step of every daytime facial; SPF 30+ broad-spectrum is the minimum recommendation, with reapplication every two hours outdoors.

Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth, most effectively removed), catagen (transition), telogen (resting, shed); waxing works best on anagen hairs.

Hair grows roughly 1 cm per month; waxing is scheduled every 3-6 weeks to catch the next anagen wave.

Wax temperature should be tested on the inner wrist or gloved hand; overheated wax causes burns, and wax is never reheated above the manufacturer's stated maximum.

Hard (stripless) wax is applied thick, cools to a pliable film, and is removed without a strip; soft wax requires a fabric strip and is removed against the direction of hair growth.

Direction rule: apply wax with the growth, remove against the growth while holding skin taut at a low angle.

Double dipping introduces blood and bacteria into the pot; a single-use spatula or a fresh strip is used per application.

Contraindications: isotretinoin use, recent chemical peel or laser, sunburn, active herpes, open lesions, varicose veins over the area, and diabetes with neuropathy or poor healing.

Post-wax care: no heat, sun, friction, or tight clothing for 24 hours; apply a soothing, non-comedogenic product; avoid retinoids on the area for 24-48 hours.

Ingrown hairs are prevented by exfoliation beginning 48 hours after waxing and by avoiding tight clothing; persistent folliculitis is referred out.

Face shapes (oval, round, square, heart, oblong, diamond) guide contour and highlight placement; oval is the conventional balance reference.

Color theory for correction: green neutralizes redness, peach or orange neutralizes blue-gray, yellow neutralizes purple, and lavender brightens sallow tones.

Foundation matching is done along the jawline in natural light; undertone (warm, cool, neutral) matters more than shade depth alone.

Sanitation in makeup: lip and eye products are never used from a shared container on multiple clients; disposable applicators, spatula-scooped product, and alcohol-wiped pencils are standard.

Lash extension adhesive contains cyanoacrylate; it cures with moisture and requires a patch test and a 24-48 hour wait before full application.

Lash contraindications: active eye infection, recent eye surgery, allergies to adhesive, trichotillomania, and inability to keep lashes dry for 24-48 hours.

Brow tinting patch test is applied 24-48 hours before service; tint is not applied over broken skin or recent waxing irritation.

Lash lift and tint services require a curled silicone shield sized to the lash length and a processing time per manufacturer; overprocessing causes frizzled, brittle lashes.

Removal of lash extensions uses a gel or cream remover formulated for cyanoacrylate; picking or pulling damages the natural lash.

Peel depth classes: superficial (stratum corneum to papillary dermis), medium (papillary to upper reticular dermis), and deep (reticular dermis); estheticians perform superficial peels only.

AHA peel concentration and pH jointly determine strength; free-acid availability rises as pH falls, and a low-pH peel with high percentage carries higher risk.

Typical esthetician-level AHA peels range roughly 20-30% glycolic or 30-50% lactic; higher strengths and TCA require medical supervision.

Salicylic acid is a BHA with lipophilic action; 20-30% salicylic peels are common in esthetics and require alcohol-degreasing of skin beforehand.

Jessner solution combines resorcinol, salicylic acid, and lactic acid in ethanol; it is a medium-depth agent and outside the esthetician scope in many states.

Peel neutralization: glycolic and lactic peels are neutralized with a base; TCA and some salicylic peels are self-neutralizing and rely on timed application.

Frosting (white appearance) signals protein coagulation and deeper injury; it is a stop signal at esthetician level and requires immediate removal and rinsing.

Peel contraindications: isotretinoin use, pregnancy, active infection, recent waxing or laser, compromised barrier, and history of keloids or poor healing.

Post-peel care: gentle cleanser, barrier moisturizer, broad-spectrum SPF 30+, no retinoids or exfoliation for about a week, and no picking of peeling skin.

Microneedling and dermabrasion are mechanical resurfacing; depth, device, and local scope rules govern who may perform them.

Galvanic current is direct current; the negative pole (cataphoresis) drives alkaline products in, and the positive pole (anaphoresis) drives acidic products in and is used for disincrustation.

High-frequency current is alternating, oscillating current producing ozone and warmth; indirect application uses the client's body as a conductor, direct application uses a glass electrode on the skin.

Microcurrent delivers low-amperage current in the microamp range for muscle re-education and circulation; it is contraindicated for clients with pacemakers or pregnancy.

Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves above 20,000 Hz; it creates heat and cavitation, and is contraindicated over the eyes, thyroid, heart, and pregnant abdomen.

LED phototherapy: blue light (about 415 nm) targets acne bacteria, red light (about 630 nm) supports healing and collagen; eye protection is required for all clients and operators.

Electrical contraindications: pacemaker or implanted electronic device, pregnancy, epilepsy, metal implants in the treatment area, and active infection.

Mechanical exfoliation devices (brushes, diamond-tip, crystal) require per-client heads or full disinfection; crystal residue is a biohazard and is disposed of per policy.

Steamer safety: distilled water only, the nozzle is kept 12-18 inches from the face, eyes are protected, and the steam is directed away from the client's airway.

Equipment must be inspected before each use; frayed cords, cracked housings, and failed grounding are taken out of service and reported.

pH scale runs 0-14; skin sits near pH 5, and each unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Acids donate protons and bases accept them; an acid plus a base yields a salt plus water (neutralization).

Emulsion types: oil-in-water (lighter, absorbs quickly) and water-in-oil (richer, more occlusive); an emulsifier bridges the phases.

Surfactants have a hydrophilic head and lipophilic tail; they lift oil and soil so it can be rinsed away, and overuse disrupts the barrier.

Common preservatives include phenoxyethanol, parabens, and sodium benzoate; water-containing products require a preservative system, anhydrous products generally do not.

Ingredient list order reflects concentration: components at or below 1% may be listed in any order after the main ingredients.

Cosmeceutical actives: retinoids, vitamin C, niacinamide, azelaic acid, peptides, and hydroxy acids; each has a functional pH or concentration window.

Fragrance and essential oils are leading causes of allergic contact dermatitis; patch testing and a 24-48 hour wait are standard for new products.

Product safety: check expiration dates, store away from heat and light, never return unused product to the container, and label secondary containers with contents and date.

The North Dakota Board of Cosmetology regulates cosmetologists, estheticians, manicurists, instructors, and salons under the state cosmetology chapter and its administrative rules.

Licensure requires completing an approved esthetics program with the required clock hours, passing the state board theory and practical examinations, and submitting an application with fee.

Licenses are renewed on the Board's cycle; continuing education and late fees apply, and practicing on an expired license is a violation.

Salon licensure and inspection: a facility must hold a current salon license, display licenses, and pass Board inspection of sanitation, equipment, and records.

Estheticians practice under scope-of-practice rules and may not diagnose or treat disease, perform medical peels, or use devices reserved for medical licensees.

Sanitation rules require disinfection of implements after each client, clean linens per client, covered waste containers, and hand washing stations in the service area.

Advertising and titles must be accurate; claiming medical credentials or unlicensed services is prohibited and subject to discipline.

Ethics duties: confidentiality of client records, informed consent, honest disclosure of risks and outcomes, and refusal of services outside scope or contraindicated.

Disciplinary actions range from reprimand and fine to suspension or revocation; violations and complaints are filed with the Board, and clients are referred to the Board for grievances.

This section consolidates cross-domain decision rules that appear repeatedly on the exam.

When a client presents a condition outside scope, the correct answer is referral, not treatment.

When a product or device is contraindicated, the correct answer is to stop, document, and reschedule or refer.

When sanitation is in question, the correct answer is the more conservative option: single-use, full contact time, and fresh product.

When a question asks for the first step, consultation and analysis precede any product application.

When percentages, pH, or timing are asked, the manufacturer's directions and state scope rule take precedence over general practice.

When documentation is asked, the correct answer includes date, service, products, response, and signature.

When a statute question is asked, the North Dakota Board of Cosmetology is the governing authority.

When an adverse reaction occurs, the correct sequence is stop, remove product, rinse, soothe, document, and refer if severe.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on skin typing and treatment matching.

Oily, acne-prone skin: salicylic acid, niacinamide, clay masks, oil-free moisturizer, non-comedogenic SPF.

Dry, tight skin: cream cleanser, humectants plus occlusives, lactic acid, cream mask, no foaming surfactants.

Sensitive, reactive skin: fragrance-free, fewer ingredients, mandelic or lactic acid at low strength, patch test first.

Pigmented skin: sunscreen first, azelaic acid, niacinamide, tranexamic acid, and cautious peels with strict PIH precautions.

Mature skin: retinoids, vitamin C, peptides, and gentle exfoliation; avoid over-exfoliation that thins an already fragile barrier.

Combination skin: zone-based product use, gel in the T-zone, cream on cheeks.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation risk rises with deeper inflammation, higher Fitzpatrick types, and picking; prevention is the primary strategy.

When skin is both oily and dehydrated, treat dehydration first with humectants and a light occlusive, then address oil.

This section consolidates scope and safety rules that recur in statute and safety items.

Bloodborne pathogens: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV are the primary concerns; gloves and sharps handling are required.

Sharps ( lancets, blades) go into a rigid sharps container, never the trash.

Contaminated linens are bagged and laundered with detergent and hot water; they are not shaken.

Disinfectant labels list efficacy, contact time, and dilution; mixing concentrates incorrectly voids the claim.

Implements are classified as single-use, reusable, or porous; porous items that cannot be disinfected are discarded.

A wet sanitizer is not a disinfectant; cleaning and disinfecting are separate steps.

Client records are confidential and released only with written authorization or legal requirement.

An exposure incident is documented with the time, source, and action taken, and the client and provider are referred for medical follow-up.

This section consolidates chemistry facts likely to appear in product-knowledge items.

Hydroxy acids: glycolic (smallest AHA, deepest penetration), lactic (hydrating), mandelic (largest, gentlest, good for darker skin), tartaric, and citric.

Salicylic acid is a BHA derived from willow bark; it is lipid-soluble and comedolytic.

Retinol converts to retinaldehyde then to retinoic acid in skin; tretinoin is already the active acid and is prescription-only.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor; it oxidizes and browns when exposed to light and air.

Niacinamide supports barrier lipids and sebum regulation and is stable across a wide pH range.

Azelaic acid is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and helps pigmentation; it is often well tolerated in sensitive skin.

Peptides are short amino acid chains that signal collagen or act as carrier molecules; they are not exfoliants.

Sunscreen filters: organic (chemical) absorb UV and inorganic (physical, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) scatter and absorb; both need reapplication.

This section consolidates waxing decision rules that appear in hair-removal items.

Wax is never applied over a mole, wart, tattoo healing area, or broken skin.

The upper lip, chin, and brows are common facial waxing sites; brows are trimmed and mapped before waxing.

Eyebrow wax should not be applied above the orbital rim onto the eyelid; the skin is thin and tears easily.

Client positioning and skin tension control reduce pain and bruising during waxing.

Wax residue is removed with a manufacturer-approved oil, not solvent, and the area is cleansed afterward.

A patch test is recommended for first-time clients and those with known sensitivities.

If the hair is shorter than about 1/4 inch, reschedule rather than wax; the wax will not grip.

If skin lifts or bleeds during waxing, stop, apply a soothing agent, and document the event.

This section consolidates device and treatment sequencing rules.

Cleanse and analyze before any device; skin must be dry and free of product for most electrical treatments.

Remove metal jewelry and eyewear before electrical services.

Do not use electrical devices over the thyroid, heart, eyes, or pregnant abdomen.

LED and high-frequency require eye protection; high-frequency ozone is ventilated away from the client.

Microdermabrasion is not performed over active acne, rosacea flares, or recent peels.

Extractions follow exfoliation and steaming and precede mask and finishing products.

Massage follows extractions and precedes the mask; it is omitted over active inflammation.

Aftercare instructions are given verbally and in writing, and the client signs acknowledgment.

This section consolidates consultation and communication rules.

Open-ended questions gather history; closed questions confirm details such as medication names and dates.

Mirror the client's language and avoid promising cure or specific medical outcomes.

Explain the difference between expected reaction (mild erythema, warmth) and adverse reaction (blistering, prolonged pain, hives).

Ask about supplements and over-the-counter retinoids, not just prescriptions.

Ask about recent sun exposure, sauna use, and travel to sunnier climates.

Confirm the client's goal and budget before recommending a treatment plan.

Document the client's stated goals and the plan agreed upon.

Re-consent at each visit if the treatment plan changes.

This section consolidates makeup and lash service rules.

Sanitize hands and use disposable applicators for every client; never double dip mascara or gloss wands.

Sharpen pencils before and after each client and wipe with an approved disinfectant.

Powder products are lower risk than liquids but brushes still require cleaning between clients.

Lash extension clients are screened for allergies, eye disease, and contact lens use.

Adhesive is used in a ventilated area; cyanoacrylate fumes irritate eyes and airways.

Lash fills are scheduled every 2-3 weeks; a full set is removed and replaced when more than half the lashes are shed.

Brow mapping uses the three-point method: inner brow at the nostril line, arch at the iris line, tail at the outer corner line.

Tinting products are mixed fresh and discarded after the service.

This section consolidates peel safety rules.

Pre-peel prep for 1-2 weeks with a gentle cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen improves tolerance.

Degrease the skin before AHA or BHA application for even penetration.

Apply peel with a fan brush or gauze, avoiding the eyelids, lips, and nostrils unless the protocol specifies otherwise.

Time the peel from application to neutralization; do not rely on visual endpoints alone.

Have cool water, neutralizer, and a fan ready before starting.

Stop and neutralize at the first sign of intense pain, blistering, or frosting.

Do not perform a peel on the same day as waxing, laser, or microneedling.

Peel series are spaced per protocol, typically 2-4 weeks apart for superficial peels.

This section consolidates North Dakota scope and licensing facts.

The Board publishes license verification, rules, and complaint forms; verify a license before hiring or referring.

Unlicensed practice is a violation for both the practitioner and the facility that allows it.

Facility inspections check sanitation, licensure display, and record keeping.

Continuing education requirements are set by Board rule and must be documented.

Licensees must report changes of address and employment to the Board within the rule's timeframe.

Practicing outside scope can result in discipline even if the client consented.

Client complaints are filed with the Board, not resolved by the licensee privately.

Professional ethics includes respecting client autonomy, avoiding dual relationships that impair judgment, and maintaining competence through continuing education.

This section consolidates skin analysis lesion vocabulary.

Comedo: a hair follicle plugged with keratin and sebum; open comedones are blackheads, closed are whiteheads.

Milia: small, firm, keratin-filled cysts, often on the cheeks and around the eyes; not the same as a whitehead.

Sebaceous hyperplasia: benign enlargement of oil glands, often on the forehead; do not extract.

Telangiectasia: dilated superficial capillaries; avoid aggressive treatments over them.

Melasma: symmetric, blotchy pigmentation worsened by sun and hormones; requires strict photoprotection.

Seborrheic keratosis: raised, waxy, stuck-on lesion; refer rather than treat.

Actinic keratosis: rough, scaly lesion from sun damage; a precancer that requires medical referral.

ABCDE rule for pigmented lesions: asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter over 6 mm, evolving; refer any positive finding.

This section consolidates product formulation facts.

Humectant examples: glycerin, hyaluronic acid, sodium PCA, propylene glycol, urea.

Emollient examples: jojoba, squalane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, lanolin, dimethicone.

Occlusive examples: petrolatum, mineral oil, beeswax, dimethicone, lanolin.

Antioxidant examples: vitamins C and E, ferulic acid, green tea polyphenols, resveratrol.

Exfoliant examples: glycolic, lactic, mandelic, salicylic, gluconolactone (PHA), papain and bromelain (enzymes).

Soothing agents: allantoin, bisabolol, oat, panthenol, madecassoside.

Preservative-free products require refrigeration and short dating; they are not automatically safer.

Patch test on the inner forearm or behind the ear for 24-48 hours before full-face use of a new active.

This section consolidates client safety screening questions.

Ask: are you pregnant or breastfeeding, and are you taking any medications, including isotretinoin?

Ask: have you had a peel, laser, wax, or injection in the last two weeks?

Ask: do you have a history of cold sores, keloids, or poor healing?

Ask: do you have allergies to fragrance, lidocaine, nickel, or adhesive?

Ask: have you used retinoids, acids, or scrubs in the last week?

Ask: do you have a pacemaker, implant, or epilepsy diagnosis if a device is planned?

Ask: have you been in the sun or used a tanning bed recently?

Document the answers and the advice given, and have the client initial the record.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing rules.

Consultation, analysis, and consent come before cleansing.

Cleansing comes before exfoliation; exfoliation before extractions; extractions before massage; massage before mask; mask before finishing products.

Sunscreen is always the last daytime step.

Disinfection of implements happens before setup and after each client.

Hand washing happens before gloving and after degloving.

Documentation happens immediately after the service, not at the end of the day.

Referral happens as soon as a suspicious finding is noted, and the service is modified or stopped.

Aftercare instructions are given before the client leaves and are provided in writing.

This section consolidates numbers likely to be tested.

Skin pH: about 4.5-5.5.

Cell turnover: about 28 days in young healthy skin.

Hand wash: at least 20 seconds.

Patch test wait: 24-48 hours.

Waxing interval: every 3-6 weeks.

Hair growth: about 1 cm per month.

Lash fill interval: every 2-3 weeks.

Sunscreen reapplication: every 2 hours outdoors.

Peel series spacing: typically 2-4 weeks for superficial peels.

This section consolidates professional ethics rules.

Confidentiality covers photos, records, and conversations; photos require written consent and a stated use.

Informed consent is an ongoing dialogue, not a single signature.

Conflicts of interest are disclosed; commissions and referrals are transparent.

Scope limits are respected even when a client requests a service.

Advertising must be truthful and must not imply medical licensure.

Social media posts of clients require consent and must not reveal identifying information.

Colleagues' errors are reported through proper channels, not discussed publicly.

Continuing education maintains competence and is documented for renewal.

This section consolidates device contraindication rules.

Pacemaker: no microcurrent, no galvanic, no ultrasound over the chest.

Pregnancy: no electrical devices over the abdomen, no high-percentage salicylic acid, no retinoids.

Epilepsy: avoid flashing or high-frequency devices without medical clearance.

Metal implants: avoid electrical current over the implant site.

Active acne or infection: avoid mechanical exfoliation and massage over the area.

Rosacea flare: avoid heat, steam, and aggressive exfoliation.

Recent injectables: avoid massage and heat over the site for the timeframe advised by the injector.

Recent surgery: obtain medical clearance before treating the area.

This section consolidates makeup color-correction rules.

Green corrects redness from rosacea, acne, or broken capillaries.

Peach or orange corrects blue-gray under-eye circles and dark spots in deeper skin tones.

Yellow corrects purple bruising and dullness.

Lavender corrects sallow, yellow-toned dullness.

Pink corrects blue-toned under-eye circles in lighter skin.

Corrective layers are thin and are set before foundation.

Contour uses a shade two steps deeper than the foundation; highlight uses two steps lighter.

Blush placement follows the cheekbone line toward the temple for a lifted effect.

This section consolidates lash and brow safety rules.

Patch test adhesive and tint 24-48 hours before the first service.

Keep eyes closed during application and use under-eye gel pads to protect the lower lashes.

Do not apply extensions to lashes that are sparse, damaged, or have active infection.

Isolate one natural lash per extension; clumping causes traction and damage.

Cure time and humidity affect adhesive bonding; follow the manufacturer's specified range.

Remove extensions with a dedicated remover, never by pulling.

Brow tint is not applied over freshly waxed skin until irritation subsides.

Document the adhesive, curl, length, and mapping used for each client.

This section consolidates statute-based sanitation rules.

Disinfect implements after each client, including brushes, tweezers, and comedone extractors.

Use a covered container for soiled linens and a separate container for clean linens.

Keep disinfectant solutions covered and change them per manufacturer and when visibly soiled.

Store clean implements in a closed, labeled container.

Do not store food or drink in the service area.

Waste containers are lined and covered; sharps go into a rigid container.

Hand washing sinks are stocked with soap and single-use towels.

Inspection records are retained and made available to the Board.

This section consolidates exam-style referral rules.

Refer any lesion that is asymmetric, irregular, multicolored, large, or changing.

Refer any rash, blister, or sore that does not heal.

Refer eye redness, discharge, or pain before any lash or eye-area service.

Refer suspected fungal infection of the nail or skin.

Refer clients with uncontrolled diabetes, neuropathy, or poor healing before waxing or peels.

Refer clients on isotretinoin until the prescribed washout period has passed.

Refer clients with a history of keloids before any resurfacing service.

Document the referral and the reason in the client record.

This section consolidates product selection rules by concern.

Acne: salicylic acid, niacinamide, benzoyl peroxide (medical), oil-free moisturizer, non-comedogenic SPF.

Hyperpigmentation: sunscreen, azelaic acid, niacinamide, tranexamic acid, cautious peels.

Fine lines: retinoids, vitamin C, peptides, AHA, sunscreen.

Dehydration: hyaluronic acid, glycerin, panthenol, light occlusive.

Barrier damage: ceramides, cholesterol, fatty acids, panthenol, no exfoliation.

Rosacea: gentle cleanser, azelaic acid, niacinamide, sunscreen, avoid heat and fragrance.

Sensitivity: fragrance-free, minimal ingredients, patch test, low-strength actives.

Oily skin: gel cleanser, salicylic acid, niacinamide, lightweight moisturizer.

This section consolidates documentation rules.

Record the date, time, service, products with percentages, and duration.

Record the client's skin condition before and after the service.

Record any adverse event and the action taken.

Record aftercare instructions given and the client's acknowledgment.

Record referrals made and the reason.

Record consent signatures and photo consents.

Correct errors with a single line, initials, and date; never use correction fluid.

Retain records per state rule and facility policy, and store them securely.

This section consolidates electrical current facts.

Galvanic: direct current, constant polarity, used for disincrustation (negative pole) and iontophoresis (positive pole).

High-frequency: alternating current, produces ozone and warmth, used for acne and circulation.

Microcurrent: low amperage, microamp range, used for muscle tone and circulation.

Ultrasound: sound waves above 20,000 Hz, produces heat and cavitation, requires coupling gel.

LED: non-thermal light, blue for acne bacteria, red for healing and collagen.

Tesla: high-frequency current used for scalp and skin stimulation.

All electrical devices require dry skin, removed jewelry, and client screening.

Devices are used per manufacturer's protocol and within state scope rules.

This section consolidates consultation communication facts.

Use open-ended questions to gather history and closed questions to confirm specifics.

Repeat back the client's stated goal to confirm understanding.

Explain expected versus adverse reactions in plain language.

Discuss alternatives, including no treatment.

Disclose costs and the number of sessions likely needed.

Obtain consent before touching the client or taking photos.

Provide written aftercare and a contact method for questions.

Document the conversation and the client's decisions.

This section consolidates skin typing facts.

Fitzpatrick I: pale, always burns, never tans.

Fitzpatrick II: fair, usually burns, tans minimally.

Fitzpatrick III: medium, sometimes burns, tans gradually.

Fitzpatrick IV: olive, rarely burns, tans easily.

Fitzpatrick V: brown, very rarely burns, tans deeply.

Fitzpatrick VI: deeply pigmented, almost never burns.

Higher Fitzpatrick types carry greater PIH risk with peels, waxing, and lasers.

Skin type is genetic; skin condition is temporary and treatable.

This section consolidates waxing contraindication facts.

Isotretinoin: no waxing until the washout period set by the prescriber has passed.

Retinoids: avoid waxing on treated areas for about a week.

Recent peel or laser: no waxing until healing is complete.

Active herpes: reschedule; waxing can trigger an outbreak.

Sunburn: reschedule.

Varicose veins: do not wax directly over them.

Diabetes with neuropathy: refer before waxing.

Blood thinners: use caution and obtain clearance if bruising risk is high.

This section consolidates peel contraindication facts.

Isotretinoin: no peels during use and for the washout period.

Pregnancy: avoid salicylic acid and retinoids; obtain medical clearance.

Active infection or cold sore: reschedule.

Recent waxing, laser, or microneedling: reschedule.

Compromised barrier: treat the barrier first.

History of keloids: avoid resurfacing.

Photosensitizing medications: avoid peels or obtain clearance.

Unrealistic expectations: educate before treating.

This section consolidates scope-of-practice facts.

Estheticians cleanse, exfoliate, extract, massage, mask, and apply makeup and lash and brow services.

Estheticians perform superficial chemical peels within state limits.

Estheticians do not diagnose or treat disease.

Estheticians do not perform medium or deep peels, injectables, or lasers reserved for medical licensees.

Estheticians do not prescribe medication.

Estheticians refer suspicious findings to a physician.

Scope varies by state; North Dakota rules govern practice in North Dakota.

Practicing outside scope is grounds for discipline.

This section consolidates product safety facts.

Check expiration dates before each use.

Store products away from heat and direct light.

Never return unused product to the original container.

Label secondary containers with contents and date.

Use a spatula, not fingers, to remove product from jars.

Discard products that change color, smell, or texture.

Keep material safety data sheets for professional products on file.

Follow manufacturer's dilution and mixing instructions exactly.

This section consolidates exam-style first-step rules.

First step for any service: consultation and analysis.

First step for a suspected infection: stop and refer.

First step for an adverse reaction: stop, remove product, rinse.

First step for a device contraindication: do not use the device.

First step for a sanitation question: choose the more conservative option.

First step for a scope question: check North Dakota Board rules.

First step for a documentation question: record immediately.

First step for an exposure incident: wash, report, document, and seek medical follow-up.

This section consolidates chemistry pH facts.

pH 0-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, 8-14 is basic.

Each pH unit is a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Skin pH is about 4.5-5.5.

L-ascorbic acid is most effective below pH 3.5.

Glycolic acid peels are more aggressive at lower pH.

Salicylic acid is effective at pH 3-4.

Niacinamide is stable across a wide pH range.

Mixing acids and bases neutralizes both.

This section consolidates ingredient function facts.

Humectants attract water; emollients soften; occlusives seal.

Surfactants lift oil and soil for rinsing.

Emulsifiers bridge oil and water phases.

Preservatives prevent microbial growth in water-containing products.

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals.

Exfoliants accelerate corneum shedding.

Retinoids increase turnover and collagen synthesis.

Sunscreen filters absorb or scatter UV radiation.

This section consolidates client record facts.

Records include intake forms, consent, treatment notes, photos, and correspondence.

Records are confidential and released only with written authorization or legal requirement.

Records are retained per state rule and facility policy.

Records are stored securely and accessed only by authorized staff.

Corrections are made by single-line strike-through with initials and date.

Records are legible and contemporaneous.

Records support continuity of care and defense in a complaint.

Clients may request a copy of their record per policy and law.

This section consolidates makeup sanitation facts.

Use disposable applicators for every client.

Never double dip mascara or gloss wands.

Sharpen pencils before and after each client and wipe with disinfectant.

Clean brushes between clients with soap and water, then disinfect.

Powder products are lower risk than liquids but brushes still require cleaning.

Do not use products on a client with an active eye infection.

Discard products that have changed texture or smell.

Keep makeup tools in a clean, closed container.

This section consolidates lash extension facts.

Adhesive contains cyanoacrylate and cures with moisture.

Patch test 24-48 hours before the first service.

Isolate one natural lash per extension.

Use under-eye gel pads to protect the lower lashes.

Keep eyes closed during application.

Cure time and humidity affect bonding.

Remove extensions with a dedicated remover, never by pulling.

Schedule fills every 2-3 weeks.

This section consolidates brow service facts.

Brow mapping uses the three-point method: inner brow at the nostril line, arch at the iris line, tail at the outer corner line.

Trim brows before waxing or tinting.

Patch test tint 24-48 hours before the first service.

Do not tint over freshly waxed skin until irritation subsides.

Use a disposable spoolie for each client.

Wipe tint from the skin promptly to avoid staining.

Document the shape, tint, and products used.

Recommend a brow pencil or gel for home maintenance.

This section consolidates extraction facts.

Extractions follow exfoliation and steaming and precede mask and finishing products.

Use a comedone extractor or gloved fingers wrapped in gauze.

Apply pressure gently and stop if the lesion does not release easily.

Do not extract inflamed, cystic, or undiagnosed lesions.

Disinfect the extractor after each client.

Apply a soothing agent after extraction.

Document the areas treated and the client's response.

Recommend home care to reduce recurrence.

This section consolidates mask facts.

Clay masks absorb oil and suit oily and combination skin.

Gel masks cool and hydrate and suit sensitive or irritated skin.

Cream masks support barrier repair and suit dry skin.

Sheet masks provide short-term hydration.

Leave masks on for the manufacturer's stated time; do not let them dry to cracking.

Remove masks with lukewarm water and a soft cloth.

Follow with toner, treatment, moisturizer, and sunscreen.

Document the mask used and the client's response.

This section consolidates massage facts.

Massage follows extractions and precedes the mask.

Massage is omitted over active inflammation, infection, or recent injectables.

Use gentle, upward, and outward strokes on the face and neck.

Avoid pressure over the thyroid and carotid arteries.

Use a lubricating medium appropriate to the skin type.

Keep draping and client comfort in mind throughout.

Document the massage technique and duration.

Recommend home massage only when appropriate.

This section consolidates sunscreen facts.

SPF measures UVB protection; broad-spectrum indicates UVA coverage as well.

SPF 30 blocks about 97% of UVB; SPF 50 blocks about 98%.

Apply about one ounce for the face and neck, or the two-finger rule.

Reapply every two hours outdoors and after swimming or sweating.

Organic filters absorb UV; inorganic filters scatter and absorb.

Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are inorganic filters.

Sunscreen is the last daytime step.

Recommend sunscreen for all skin types, including deeper tones.

This section consolidates exfoliation facts.

Physical exfoliants include scrubs, brushes, and enzymes.

Chemical exfoliants include AHA, BHA, PHA, and retinoids.

Never combine aggressive physical and chemical exfoliation in one session.

Over-exfoliation causes redness, stinging, and barrier damage.

AHA are water-soluble and suit sun-damaged or dull skin.

BHA is oil-soluble and suits pores and acne-prone skin.

PHA are larger molecules and gentler for sensitive skin.

Recommend exfoliation one to three times weekly depending on skin type.

This section consolidates high-frequency facts.

High-frequency is alternating current producing ozone and warmth.

Indirect application uses the client's body as a conductor.

Direct application uses a glass electrode on the skin.

Use for acne and circulation.

Keep the electrode moving to avoid burns.

Ventilate the area to avoid ozone buildup.

Eye protection is required.

Contraindicated for clients with pacemakers or pregnancy.

This section consolidates galvanic current facts.

Galvanic is direct current with constant polarity.

Negative pole (cataphoresis) drives alkaline products in.

Positive pole (anaphoresis) drives acidic products in and is used for disincrustation.

Keep the electrode moving to avoid burns.

Remove metal jewelry before use.

Contraindicated for clients with pacemakers or pregnancy.

Use a conductive medium as specified.

Document the polarity and duration used.

This section consolidates ultrasound facts.

Ultrasound uses sound waves above 20,000 Hz.

It produces heat and cavitation.

Use coupling gel to transmit the waves.

Keep the transducer moving to avoid hotspots.

Contraindicated over the eyes, thyroid, heart, and pregnant abdomen.

Contraindicated for clients with pacemakers.

Document the intensity and duration used.

Follow the manufacturer's protocol.

This section consolidates LED facts.

LED is non-thermal light therapy.

Blue light (about 415 nm) targets acne bacteria.

Red light (about 630 nm) supports healing and collagen.

Eye protection is required for clients and operators.

Sessions are typically 15-30 minutes.

Contraindicated for clients with photosensitivity or on photosensitizing medications.

Document the wavelength and duration used.

Follow the manufacturer's protocol.

This section consolidates steamer facts.

Use distilled water only.

Keep the nozzle 12-18 inches from the face.

Protect the eyes.

Direct steam away from the client's airway.

Limit steam time to about 5-10 minutes.

Contraindicated for clients with rosacea, asthma, or claustrophobia.

Clean and drain the steamer per the manufacturer's instructions.

Document the steam time used.

This section consolidates microdermabrasion facts.

Mechanical exfoliation uses a diamond tip or crystal flow.

Use per-client heads or fully disinfect reusable heads.

Crystal residue is a biohazard and is disposed of per policy.

Do not perform over active acne, rosacea flares, or recent peels.

Keep the handpiece moving to avoid abrasion marks.

Contraindicated for clients on isotretinoin or with compromised barrier.

Document the tip, intensity, and duration used.

Follow the manufacturer's protocol.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing for waxing.

Consult and screen for contraindications before waxing.

Cleanse the area and pat dry.

Powder the area to help wax grip.

Apply wax with the growth, remove against the growth.

Hold skin taut at a low angle during removal.

Apply a soothing agent and advise aftercare.

Document the area treated and the client's response.

Schedule the next appointment in 3-6 weeks.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing for peels.

Consult and screen for contraindications before the peel.

Cleanse and degrease the skin.

Protect the eyes and lips.

Apply the peel evenly and time it.

Neutralize or remove per protocol.

Apply a soothing mask and moisturizer.

Apply sunscreen and give aftercare instructions.

Document the peel, timing, and response.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing for makeup.

Consult and analyze the skin and face shape.

Cleanse and moisturize the skin.

Apply primer and color correction.

Apply foundation and concealer.

Set with powder and add color to cheeks, eyes, and lips.

Sanitize tools and dispose of applicators.

Document the products used and the client's preferences.

Recommend home products for maintenance.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing for lash services.

Consult and patch test before the first service.

Cleanse the eye area and protect the lower lashes.

Isolate natural lashes and apply extensions.

Cure the adhesive and check for clumping.

Remove the eye pads and check for irritation.

Give aftercare instructions and schedule a fill.

Document the adhesive, curl, length, and mapping used.

Recommend a lash cleanser for home care.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing for brow services.

Consult and map the brows.

Trim and cleanse the area.

Wax or tweeze as needed.

Tint if requested and patch tested.

Apply a soothing agent.

Give aftercare instructions.

Document the shape, tint, and products used.

Schedule the next appointment.

This section consolidates exam-style sequencing for facials.

Consult and analyze the skin.

Cleanse and exfoliate.

Extract if indicated.

Massage.

Apply a mask.

Apply toner, treatment, moisturizer, and sunscreen.

Document the service and give aftercare.

Schedule the next appointment.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on skin barrier.

The barrier resides in the corneum lipid matrix.

Ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids are the key lipids.

Barrier disruption raises transepidermal water loss.

Signs of disruption: redness, stinging, tightness, flaking.

Treatment: gentle cleanser, barrier cream, no exfoliation.

Avoid fragrance and essential oils during repair.

Reintroduce actives slowly after repair.

Document the barrier status and the plan.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on photoaging.

UVA penetrates to the dermis and drives collagen degradation.

UVB drives direct DNA damage and erythema.

Photoaging signs: wrinkles, laxity, dyspigmentation, telangiectasia.

Prevention: broad-spectrum sunscreen, hats, and shade.

Treatment: retinoids, vitamin C, AHA, and gentle peels.

Avoid over-exfoliation of photodamaged skin.

Document the photoaging signs and the plan.

Recommend year-round sunscreen.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on acne.

Acne involves four factors: excess sebum, follicular hyperkeratinization, C. acnes bacteria, and inflammation.

Non-inflammatory lesions: open and closed comedones.

Inflammatory lesions: papules, pustules, nodules, cysts.

Estheticians treat non-inflammatory and mild inflammatory acne within scope.

Refer nodulocystic acne to a physician.

Salicylic acid, niacinamide, and clay masks are common esthetic tools.

Avoid aggressive extractions on inflamed lesions.

Document the lesion types and the plan.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on rosacea.

Rosacea signs: flushing, persistent erythema, telangiectasia, papules, pustules.

Triggers: heat, sun, alcohol, spicy food, stress.

Estheticians use gentle cleansers, azelaic acid, niacinamide, and sunscreen.

Avoid heat, steam, and aggressive exfoliation.

Refer ocular rosacea to a physician.

Document the triggers and the plan.

Recommend trigger avoidance at home.

Sunscreen is essential.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on hyperpigmentation.

Melasma is symmetric and worsened by sun and hormones.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation follows inflammation or injury.

Sun spots (lentigines) are from cumulative sun exposure.

Treatment: sunscreen, azelaic acid, niacinamide, tranexamic acid, cautious peels.

Avoid aggressive treatments that cause more inflammation.

Refer sudden or changing pigmentation to a physician.

Document the pigmentation pattern and the plan.

Recommend strict photoprotection.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on aging skin.

Intrinsic aging: thinning epidermis, reduced collagen, slower turnover.

Extrinsic aging: sun, smoking, pollution.

Treatment: retinoids, vitamin C, peptides, gentle exfoliation.

Avoid over-exfoliation of fragile skin.

Moisturize with barrier-supporting ingredients.

Recommend sunscreen year-round.

Document the aging signs and the plan.

Reassess the plan at each visit.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on sensitive skin.

Sensitive skin reacts to products, heat, or friction.

Use fragrance-free, minimal-ingredient products.

Patch test new actives.

Introduce one new product at a time.

Avoid aggressive exfoliation and high-strength actives.

Support the barrier with ceramides and panthenol.

Document the triggers and the plan.

Refer persistent reactions to a physician.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on dehydrated skin.

Dehydration is a lack of water in the corneum, not a lack of oil.

Signs: tightness, fine lines, dullness.

It can coexist with oily skin.

Treatment: humectants, light occlusive, avoid harsh cleansers.

Increase water intake and use a humidifier if appropriate.

Avoid over-exfoliation.

Document the signs and the plan.

Reassess hydration at each visit.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on oily skin.

Oily skin reflects sebum production, not water content.

Signs: shine, visible pores, comedones.

Treatment: gel cleanser, salicylic acid, niacinamide, lightweight moisturizer.

Avoid over-cleansing, which can rebound oil production.

Use non-comedogenic products.

Clay masks help absorb oil.

Document the oiliness and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on combination skin.

Combination skin has an oily T-zone and normal or dry cheeks.

Use zone-based product application.

Gel in the T-zone, cream on the cheeks.

Avoid stripping the cheeks while controlling the T-zone.

Use non-comedogenic products.

Document the zones and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Recommend a simple home routine.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on mature skin.

Mature skin is thinner, drier, and slower to turn over.

Treatment: retinoids, vitamin C, peptides, gentle exfoliation.

Avoid over-exfoliation of fragile skin.

Moisturize with barrier-supporting ingredients.

Recommend sunscreen year-round.

Document the aging signs and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Consider lifestyle factors such as smoking and sun exposure.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on men's skin.

Men's skin is typically thicker and oilier.

Shaving can irritate and cause pseudofolliculitis.

Recommend a gentle cleanser and a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

Avoid aggressive exfoliation after shaving.

Use sunscreen daily.

Document the shaving pattern and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Recommend post-shave soothing products.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on teen skin.

Teen skin is often oily and acne-prone.

Use gentle cleansers and non-comedogenic products.

Salicylic acid and niacinamide are common esthetic tools.

Avoid aggressive extractions on inflamed lesions.

Educate on consistency and patience.

Document the lesion types and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Refer nodulocystic acne to a physician.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on pregnancy.

Avoid retinoids and high-percentage salicylic acid.

Avoid electrical devices over the abdomen.

Obtain medical clearance for treatments.

Use gentle, fragrance-free products.

Document the pregnancy status and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Recommend sunscreen daily.

Refer any concerns to the client's physician.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on diabetes.

Diabetes can slow healing and increase infection risk.

Refer before waxing or peels if neuropathy or poor healing is present.

Use gentle products and avoid aggressive exfoliation.

Document the diabetes status and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Recommend sunscreen daily.

Refer any concerns to the client's physician.

Maintain strict sanitation.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on epilepsy.

Avoid flashing or high-frequency devices without medical clearance.

Use gentle treatments.

Document the epilepsy status and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Recommend sunscreen daily.

Refer any concerns to the client's physician.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Keep the environment calm.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on pacemakers.

Avoid microcurrent, galvanic, and ultrasound over the chest.

Use manual treatments instead.

Document the pacemaker status and the plan.

Reassess at each visit.

Recommend sunscreen daily.

Refer any concerns to the client's physician.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Keep the environment calm.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on cold sores.

Herpes simplex is contagious and triggered by stress, sun, and waxing.

Reschedule services during an active outbreak.

Use gloves and strict sanitation.

Avoid waxing over an active lesion.

Document the outbreak and the advice given.

Recommend sun protection to reduce triggers.

Refer frequent outbreaks to a physician.

Maintain confidentiality.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on fungal infections.

Tinea is contagious and spreads by contact.

Refer suspected fungal infections to a physician.

Disinfect implements after each client.

Do not treat the area.

Document the finding and the referral.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Maintain confidentiality.

Educate the client on hygiene.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on bacterial infections.

Impetigo and folliculitis are contagious.

Refer suspected bacterial infections to a physician.

Disinfect implements after each client.

Do not treat the area.

Document the finding and the referral.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Maintain confidentiality.

Educate the client on hygiene.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on allergic reactions.

Signs: redness, swelling, itching, hives.

Stop the service and remove the product.

Rinse with cool water.

Apply a soothing agent if appropriate.

Refer severe reactions to a physician.

Document the reaction and the product used.

Patch test new products.

Maintain confidentiality.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on burns.

Signs: redness, blistering, pain.

Stop the service and cool the area.

Do not apply ice directly.

Refer severe burns to a physician.

Document the burn and the cause.

Inspect equipment before use.

Follow the manufacturer's temperature limits.

Maintain confidentiality.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on eye safety.

Protect the eyes during all services.

Refer eye redness, discharge, or pain to a physician.

Do not perform lash services during an active eye infection.

Use under-eye gel pads during lash services.

Keep chemicals away from the eyes.

Document any eye exposure and the action taken.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Maintain confidentiality.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on hand washing.

Wash hands before gloving and after degloving.

Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

Alcohol gel does not remove soil.

Dry hands with single-use towels.

Keep nails short and clean.

Avoid jewelry that harbors soil.

Document training and compliance.

Maintain strict sanitation.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on gloves.

Wear gloves for waxing, extractions, and any procedure that may cause bleeding.

Change gloves between clients.

Remove gloves without touching the outside.

Wash hands after glove removal.

Do not reuse disposable gloves.

Use the correct glove size.

Document any glove allergy.

Maintain strict sanitation.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on disinfection.

Clean debris before disinfection.

Use an EPA-registered hospital-grade disinfectant.

Respect the label contact time.

Keep solutions covered and change them per the manufacturer.

Store clean implements in a closed, labeled container.

Document the disinfection routine.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Inspect implements before use.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on sterilization.

Sterilization kills all microorganisms, including spores.

Estheticians generally use disinfection, not sterilization.

Autoclaves are used for sterilization in medical settings.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Document the sterilization cycle.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Inspect implements before use.

Store sterile items properly.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on waste disposal.

Sharps go into a rigid sharps container.

Contaminated linens are bagged and laundered with detergent and hot water.

Waste containers are lined and covered.

Do not store food or drink in the service area.

Follow local and state regulations.

Document disposal procedures.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Train staff on disposal.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on exposure incidents.

Wash the exposed area with soap and water.

Report the incident to the supervisor.

Document the time, source, and action taken.

Seek medical follow-up.

Maintain confidentiality.

Follow facility policy.

Review the incident to prevent recurrence.

Maintain strict sanitation.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on bloodborne pathogens.

Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV are the primary concerns.

Use standard precautions for all clients.

Wear gloves and handle sharps safely.

Disinfect implements after each client.

Document training and compliance.

Maintain confidentiality.

Follow facility policy.

Maintain strict sanitation.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on safety data sheets.

Keep safety data sheets for professional products on file.

Review them before using a new product.

Follow the manufacturer's handling instructions.

Store products away from heat and light.

Document any incidents involving products.

Train staff on product safety.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Follow facility policy.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on fire safety.

Keep flammable products away from heat sources.

Store flammable products in approved containers.

Know the location of fire extinguishers.

Follow facility evacuation procedures.

Document training and drills.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Follow facility policy.

Inspect equipment for frayed cords.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on electrical safety.

Inspect equipment before each use.

Take damaged equipment out of service.

Keep cords away from water.

Use grounded outlets.

Do not overload circuits.

Document equipment maintenance.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Follow facility policy.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on ergonomics.

Adjust the table and stool height to the practitioner.

Keep wrists neutral during services.

Take breaks between clients.

Stretch regularly.

Document any injuries.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Follow facility policy.

Train staff on ergonomics.

This section consolidates exam-style facts on professional boundaries.

Maintain a professional relationship with clients.

Avoid dual relationships that impair judgment.

Maintain confidentiality.

Document all interactions.

Follow facility policy.

Refer concerns to a supervisor.

Maintain strict sanitation.

Continue professional education.