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CBN Aptitude Test study materials
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CBN Aptitude Test practice questions

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Question 1Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A trader buys an item for 400 naira and sells it for 500 naira. What is the percentage profit?

  1. 20%
  2. 25% Correct answer.
  3. 80%
  4. 10%

Explanation

Percentage profit is profit divided by cost price, multiplied by 100. Profit is 500 - 400 = 100 naira, so the percentage profit is (100/400) x 100 = 25%.

Question 2Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

What is the next term in the sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, ...?

  1. 21
  2. 20
  3. 18
  4. 19 Correct answer.

Explanation

Each term increases by a constant difference of 4, making this an arithmetic sequence. Adding 4 to the last term 15 gives 19.

Question 3Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Simplify the ratio 24 : 36 to its lowest terms.

  1. 4 : 6
  2. 8 : 12
  3. 2 : 3 Correct answer.
  4. 3 : 4

Explanation

Divide both parts of the ratio by their greatest common divisor, which is 12. This gives 24/12 : 36/12 = 2 : 3.

Question 4Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A car travels 180 kilometres in 3 hours. What is its average speed in kilometres per hour?

  1. 65
  2. 54
  3. 50
  4. 60 Correct answer.

Explanation

Average speed equals total distance divided by total time. Dividing 180 km by 3 hours gives 60 km/h.

Question 5Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

What is the value of 15% of 240?

  1. 40
  2. 36 Correct answer.
  3. 32
  4. 24

Explanation

To find a percentage of a quantity, convert the percentage to a decimal and multiply. 0.15 x 240 = 36.

Question 6Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The average of five numbers is 12. What is their total sum?

  1. 48
  2. 24
  3. 60 Correct answer.
  4. 72

Explanation

The mean equals the total sum divided by the count, so the sum equals the mean multiplied by the count. Here 12 x 5 = 60.

Question 7Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Which of the following numbers is a prime number?

  1. 27
  2. 29 Correct answer.
  3. 33
  4. 21

Explanation

A prime number has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. The number 29 is not divisible by 2, 3, or 5, and no factor below its square root divides it, so it is prime.

Question 8Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A rectangle has a length of 12 cm and a width of 5 cm. What is its area?

  1. 34 cm²
  2. 120 cm²
  3. 60 cm² Correct answer.
  4. 17 cm²

Explanation

The area of a rectangle is length multiplied by width. Multiplying 12 cm by 5 cm gives 60 cm².

Question 9Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

If 5 pens cost 250 naira, how much do 8 pens cost at the same rate?

  1. 500 naira
  2. 400 naira Correct answer.
  3. 450 naira
  4. 320 naira

Explanation

First find the unit price by dividing 250 by 5, giving 50 naira per pen. Multiplying 50 by 8 gives 400 naira.

Question 10Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Solve for x: 3x - 7 = 14.

  1. 5
  2. 7 Correct answer.
  3. 9
  4. 6

Explanation

Add 7 to both sides to get 3x = 21, then divide both sides by 3 to obtain x = 7.

Question 11Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A sum of 2000 naira is invested at 5% simple interest per year. What is the total interest after 3 years?

  1. 100 naira
  2. 200 naira
  3. 350 naira
  4. 300 naira Correct answer.

Explanation

Simple interest equals principal x rate x time. Here 2000 x 0.05 x 3 = 300 naira.

Question 12Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A bag contains 4 red balls and 6 blue balls. If one ball is drawn at random, what is the probability that it is red?

  1. 3/5
  2. 4/6
  3. 2/5 Correct answer.
  4. 1/4

Explanation

Probability equals favourable outcomes divided by total outcomes. There are 4 red balls out of 10 total, giving 4/10, which simplifies to 2/5.

Question 13Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A trader marks a price of 800 naira and offers a 15% discount. What is the selling price?

  1. 680 naira Correct answer.
  2. 640 naira
  3. 760 naira
  4. 720 naira

Explanation

The discount is 15% of 800, which is 120 naira. Subtracting the discount from the marked price gives 800 - 120 = 680 naira.

Question 14Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

What is the value of 2/3 + 1/4?

  1. 11/12 Correct answer.
  2. 8/12
  3. 3/7
  4. 5/12

Explanation

Use a common denominator of 12: 2/3 becomes 8/12 and 1/4 becomes 3/12. Adding gives 11/12.

Question 15Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 48. What is the largest of the three numbers?

  1. 20
  2. 18 Correct answer.
  3. 16
  4. 14

Explanation

Let the numbers be n, n+2, and n+4. Their sum is 3n + 6 = 48, so 3n = 42 and n = 14; the largest is 14 + 4 = 18.

Question 16Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A train covers 240 km in 4 hours. How long will it take to cover 360 km at the same average speed?

  1. 7 hours
  2. 5 hours
  3. 6 hours Correct answer.
  4. 8 hours

Explanation

The average speed is 240/4 = 60 km/h. Dividing 360 km by 60 km/h gives 6 hours.

Question 17Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

If 12 workers can complete a job in 8 days, how many days will 16 workers take, working at the same rate?

  1. 4 days
  2. 10 days
  3. 6 days Correct answer.
  4. 5 days

Explanation

The total work is 12 x 8 = 96 worker-days. Dividing 96 by 16 workers gives 6 days, since more workers take less time.

Question 18Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

What is the value of 7 squared minus 3 squared?

  1. 40 Correct answer.
  2. 58
  3. 16
  4. 46

Explanation

Seven squared is 49 and three squared is 9. Subtracting gives 49 - 9 = 40.

Question 19Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. What is the largest angle?

  1. 80° Correct answer.
  2. 40°
  3. 100°
  4. 60°

Explanation

The angles sum to 180°, and the ratio parts total 2 + 3 + 4 = 9. Each part is 180/9 = 20°, so the largest angle is 4 x 20 = 80°.

Question 20Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A number is increased by 20% and the result is then decreased by 20%. The final value compared with the original is:

  1. 4% more
  2. 4% less Correct answer.
  3. the same
  4. 2% less

Explanation

Multiplying by 1.20 then by 0.80 gives a net factor of 0.96, which is 4% below the original. The percentage changes apply to different bases, so they do not cancel.

Question 21Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A shopkeeper mixes two grades of rice costing 200 naira and 300 naira per kg in the ratio 3 : 2. What is the cost per kg of the mixture?

  1. 250 naira
  2. 280 naira
  3. 260 naira
  4. 240 naira Correct answer.

Explanation

Using weights of 3 kg and 2 kg, total cost is 3 x 200 + 2 x 300 = 1200 naira for 5 kg. Dividing 1200 by 5 gives 240 naira per kg.

Question 22Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A sum doubles itself in 8 years under simple interest. In how many years will it triple itself at the same rate?

  1. 24 years
  2. 12 years
  3. 20 years
  4. 16 years Correct answer.

Explanation

Doubling means the interest earned equals the principal, so the rate satisfies 8r = 1, giving r = 1/8 per year. Tripling requires interest of twice the principal, so 2 = (1/8)t, giving t = 16 years.

Question 23Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A cube has a total surface area of 96 cm². What is its volume?

  1. 216 cm³
  2. 64 cm³ Correct answer.
  3. 48 cm³
  4. 96 cm³

Explanation

A cube has 6 equal square faces, so each face is 96/6 = 16 cm², giving an edge of 4 cm. The volume is 4³ = 64 cm³.

Question 24Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Two pipes can fill a tank in 6 hours and 12 hours respectively. If both are opened together, how long will they take to fill the tank?

  1. 4 hours Correct answer.
  2. 9 hours
  3. 5 hours
  4. 3 hours

Explanation

The rates are 1/6 and 1/12 of the tank per hour, which sum to 3/12 = 1/4 per hour. The reciprocal of 1/4 is 4 hours.

Question 25Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The probability of event A is 0.4 and the probability of event B is 0.5. If A and B are independent, what is the probability that both occur?

  1. 0.2 Correct answer.
  2. 0.1
  3. 0.45
  4. 0.9

Explanation

For independent events, the probability of both occurring is the product of their probabilities. Multiplying 0.4 by 0.5 gives 0.2.

Question 26Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A car travels 150 km on 12 litres of fuel. At the same rate, how many litres will it need for a journey of 250 km?

  1. 20 Correct answer.
  2. 18
  3. 22
  4. 15

Explanation

Fuel used is proportional to distance, so set 12/150 = x/250. Cross-multiplying gives 150x = 3000, hence x = 20 litres.

Question 27Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Simplify: 5 + 3 × (8 − 4) ÷ 2.

  1. 11 Correct answer.
  2. 16
  3. 8
  4. 14

Explanation

Following order of operations, first evaluate the bracket to get 4, then multiply 3 × 4 = 12, divide by 2 to get 6, and finally add 5. The result is 11.

Question 28Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A student scored 45, 60, 55, and 40 in four tests. What score must be obtained in a fifth test to average exactly 55?

  1. 70
  2. 65
  3. 80
  4. 75 Correct answer.

Explanation

A mean of 55 across five tests requires a total of 275 marks. The four known scores sum to 200, so the fifth score must be 275 − 200 = 75.

Question 29Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Find the value of x if 4(x − 2) = 2x + 6.

  1. 5
  2. 4
  3. 9
  4. 7 Correct answer.

Explanation

Expand the left side to get 4x − 8 = 2x + 6. Subtracting 2x from both sides gives 2x − 8 = 6, and adding 8 gives 2x = 14, so x = 7.

Question 30Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A trader buys an item for 1500 naira and sells it for 1800 naira. What is the percentage profit?

  1. 20% Correct answer.
  2. 30%
  3. 25%
  4. 18%

Explanation

Profit equals 1800 − 1500 = 300 naira. Percentage profit compares profit to cost price, so 300/1500 × 100 = 20%.

Question 31Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The simple interest on a sum of money for 4 years at 6% per annum is 720 naira. What is the principal?

  1. 2800 naira
  2. 2500 naira
  3. 3200 naira
  4. 3000 naira Correct answer.

Explanation

Simple interest is given by P × R × T ÷ 100. Substituting 720 = P × 6 × 4 ÷ 100 gives 720 = 0.24P, so P = 3000 naira.

Question 32Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A number is divided in the ratio 3 : 5. If the smaller share is 27, what is the larger share?

  1. 54
  2. 45 Correct answer.
  3. 36
  4. 40

Explanation

Each ratio part equals 27 ÷ 3 = 9. The larger share is 5 parts, so 5 × 9 = 45.

Question 33Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A square has a perimeter of 36 cm. What is its area?

  1. 72 cm²
  2. 100 cm²
  3. 64 cm²
  4. 81 cm² Correct answer.

Explanation

A square has four equal sides, so each side measures 36 ÷ 4 = 9 cm. The area is the side squared, giving 9 × 9 = 81 cm².

Question 34Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A bag contains 5 red, 3 green, and 2 yellow balls. Two balls are drawn one after another without replacement. What is the probability that both are green?

  1. 3/50
  2. 1/5
  3. 1/10
  4. 1/15 Correct answer.

Explanation

The probability of a green ball first is 3/10. With one green removed, the probability of a second green is 2/9. Multiplying gives 6/90 = 1/15.

Question 35Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

How many different ways can the letters of the word LEVEL be arranged?

  1. 60
  2. 120
  3. 20
  4. 30 Correct answer.

Explanation

There are five letters with L repeated twice and E repeated twice. The number of arrangements is 5! ÷ (2! × 2!) = 120 ÷ 4 = 30.

Question 36Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The mean of 8 numbers is 15. When one number is removed, the mean of the remaining 7 numbers becomes 14. What number was removed?

  1. 20
  2. 24
  3. 22 Correct answer.
  4. 18

Explanation

The original total is 8 × 15 = 120. The remaining total is 7 × 14 = 98. The removed number is 120 − 98 = 22.

Question 37Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A sum of money invested at compound interest grows to 1.21 times its original value in 2 years. What is the annual rate of interest?

  1. 10% Correct answer.
  2. 12%
  3. 11%
  4. 21%

Explanation

For compound interest the growth factor over two years is (1 + r)². Setting (1 + r)² = 1.21 gives 1 + r = 1.1, so r = 0.1, or 10%.

Question 38Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

If 9 machines produce 540 items in 6 hours, how many items will 5 machines produce in 8 hours at the same rate?

  1. 400 Correct answer.
  2. 360
  3. 480
  4. 450

Explanation

One machine produces 540 ÷ 9 = 60 items in 6 hours, which is 10 items per hour. Five machines in 8 hours therefore make 5 × 10 × 8 = 400 items.

Question 39Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The average speed of a journey of 300 km is 60 km/h. If the return journey is made at 75 km/h, what is the average speed for the whole round trip?

  1. 70 km/h
  2. 65 km/h
  3. 67.5 km/h
  4. 66.67 km/h Correct answer.

Explanation

Total distance is 600 km. Time out is 300 ÷ 60 = 5 h and time back is 300 ÷ 75 = 4 h, for a total of 9 h. Average speed is 600 ÷ 9 ≈ 66.67 km/h.

Question 40Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A rectangular field is 40 m long and 30 m wide. A path 2 m wide runs all around the outside of the field. What is the area of the path?

  1. 296 m² Correct answer.
  2. 280 m²
  3. 320 m²
  4. 240 m²

Explanation

The outer rectangle measures 44 m by 34 m, giving an area of 1496 m². The field itself is 1200 m², so the path area is 1496 − 1200 = 296 m².

Question 41Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

What is the next term in the sequence 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ...?

  1. 36
  2. 35
  3. 38 Correct answer.
  4. 40

Explanation

The differences between consecutive terms are 3, 5, 7, and 9, increasing by 2 each time. The next difference is 11, so the next term is 27 + 11 = 38.

Question 42Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A trader allows a discount of 10% on the marked price and still makes a profit of 20% on the cost price. If the marked price is 600 naira, what is the cost price?

  1. 540 naira
  2. 450 naira Correct answer.
  3. 500 naira
  4. 480 naira

Explanation

After a 10% discount the selling price is 0.9 × 600 = 540 naira. Since this represents a 20% profit, the cost price satisfies 1.2 × cost = 540, so cost = 450 naira.

Question 43Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A tank is 3/5 full of water. After 40 litres are added, it becomes 4/5 full. What is the capacity of the tank?

  1. 200 litres Correct answer.
  2. 250 litres
  3. 160 litres
  4. 180 litres

Explanation

The added water represents 4/5 − 3/5 = 1/5 of the tank. If 1/5 of the capacity is 40 litres, the full capacity is 40 × 5 = 200 litres.

Question 44Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

The sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon is 1080°. How many sides does the polygon have?

  1. 10
  2. 9
  3. 6
  4. 8 Correct answer.

Explanation

The interior angle sum of an n-sided polygon is (n − 2) × 180°. Setting (n − 2) × 180 = 1080 gives n − 2 = 6, so n = 8.

Question 45Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Two numbers are in the ratio 4 : 7. If 6 is added to each, the ratio becomes 5 : 8. What is the smaller number?

  1. 32
  2. 28
  3. 16
  4. 24 Correct answer.

Explanation

Let the numbers be 4k and 7k. Then (4k + 6)/(7k + 6) = 5/8, giving 32k + 48 = 35k + 30, so 3k = 18 and k = 6. The smaller number is 4 × 6 = 24.

Question 46Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A box contains 7 white and 5 black marbles. If two marbles are picked at random without replacement, what is the probability that they are of different colours?

  1. 35/66 Correct answer.
  2. 5/11
  3. 1/2
  4. 7/22

Explanation

Different colours can occur as white then black (7/12 × 5/11) or black then white (5/12 × 7/11). Adding these gives 35/132 + 35/132 = 70/132 = 35/66.

Question 47Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A trader sells an article at a loss of 10%. Had he sold it for 90 naira more, he would have gained 5%. What is the cost price of the article?

  1. 600 naira Correct answer.
  2. 450 naira
  3. 540 naira
  4. 720 naira

Explanation

The difference between a 10% loss and a 5% gain is 15% of the cost price. If 15% of cost equals 90 naira, then cost = 90 ÷ 0.15 = 600 naira.

Question 48Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A trader bought a generator for 45,000 naira and later sold it for 36,000 naira. What was the percentage loss on the cost price?

  1. 25%
  2. 9%
  3. 20% Correct answer.
  4. 80%

Explanation

Percentage loss is found by dividing the loss by the cost price and multiplying by 100. The loss is 45,000 − 36,000 = 9,000 naira, so the percentage loss is (9,000 ÷ 45,000) × 100 = 20%.

Question 49Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

A car travels 240 km in 3 hours and then a further 180 km in 2 hours. What is its average speed for the whole journey?

  1. 84 km/h Correct answer.
  2. 80 km/h
  3. 78 km/h
  4. 90 km/h

Explanation

Average speed for a whole journey equals total distance divided by total time, not the average of the two speeds. Total distance is 240 + 180 = 420 km and total time is 3 + 2 = 5 hours, giving 420 ÷ 5 = 84 km/h.

Question 50Quantitative Reasoning / Numerical Ability

Working alone, Ada can complete a task in 12 days and Bola can complete the same task in 18 days. They work together for 4 days, after which Ada leaves and Bola finishes the task alone. How many more days does Bola take to finish?

  1. 10 days
  2. 8 days Correct answer.
  3. 6 days
  4. 12 days

Explanation

Add the daily rates: Ada does 1/12 and Bola does 1/18, so together they complete 1/12 + 1/18 = 5/36 of the task per day. In 4 days they finish 20/36 = 5/9, leaving 4/9 of the task, which Bola completes at 1/18 per day in (4/9) ÷ (1/18) = 8 days.