CPN CLE flashcards

34 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Birth weight doubling

Term infants typically double their birth weight by 4-6 months of age and triple it by 12 months, a key marker of adequate growth and nutrition.

Anterior fontanel closure

The anterior fontanel normally closes between 9 and 18 months of age. Delayed closure may suggest hypothyroidism, rickets, or increased intracranial pressure.

Object permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight, typically achieved around 8-9 months in Piaget's sensorimotor stage.

Autonomy versus shame

Erikson's stage for toddlers aged 1-3 years, when children assert independence through choices and self-care; overcontrol can produce shame and doubt.

Newborn screening timing

Heel-stick bloodspot screening is collected 24-48 hours after birth. If drawn before 24 hours, a repeat specimen is required at 1-2 weeks of age.

M-CHAT screening ages

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers is administered at the 18-month and 24-month well-child visits, with follow-up questions for positive screens.

Lead screening ages

Universal risk assessment occurs at 9-12 months and again at 24 months. A blood lead level of 5 mcg/dL or higher requires follow-up testing.

BMI percentile categories

For children aged 2-20 years, BMI at or above the 85th percentile is overweight and at or above the 95th percentile is obesity.

Teach-back method

A communication technique in which the caregiver explains the care plan in their own words, confirming understanding rather than relying on a yes/no question.

Adolescent confidentiality limits

Confidential care for adolescents is limited when there is risk of harm to self or others, suspected abuse, or a medical emergency requiring caregiver notification.

Family-centered care principles

Dignity and respect, information sharing, participation, and collaboration, recognizing the family as the constant in the child's life across care settings.

Pediatric hypotension threshold

In children 1-10 years, systolic blood pressure below 70 plus twice the age in years indicates hypotension, which is a late sign of shock.

Infant otoscopy technique

In infants, pull the pinna down and back to straighten the ear canal; in children older than 3 years, pull the pinna up and back.

Innocent murmur features

Soft, systolic, grade 1-2/6 murmurs that vary with position and lack associated symptoms are typically innocent; diastolic murmurs require referral.

Growth chart selection

Use WHO growth standards for children 0-2 years and CDC growth charts for ages 2-20 years when plotting weight, length, and head circumference.

Bronchiolitis management

Supportive care with hydration, oxygen, and suctioning is the mainstay; routine bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics are not recommended for typical bronchiolitis.

Kawasaki disease treatment

Fever for 5 days or more with 4 of 5 clinical criteria is treated with IVIG 2 g/kg and high-dose aspirin, plus echocardiography to assess coronary arteries.

Simple febrile seizure

A generalized seizure lasting under 15 minutes occurring once in 24 hours in a child 6 months to 5 years with fever, without prior neurologic abnormality.

Asthma controller medication

Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred long-term controller for persistent asthma; short-acting beta-agonists are used only for acute symptom relief.

Five rights of medication

Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time; pediatric practice adds right documentation and right reason, with two patient identifiers.

Neonatal drug half-life

Immature hepatic metabolism and reduced renal clearance in neonates prolong drug half-lives, requiring lower doses or longer dosing intervals for many medications.

IM injection site by age

The vastus lateralis is preferred for infants; the deltoid is used for children 3 years and older, with needle length based on age and weight.

Vancomycin trough timing

Serum trough levels are drawn shortly before the next dose to guide dosing; timing must be documented because it affects interpretation and adjustment.

Car seat progression

Rear-facing until at least 2 years or the seat limit, then forward-facing harness, then booster until the seat belt fits, with rear seating until age 13.

Safe sleep recommendations

Infants sleep supine on a firm, flat surface with no loose bedding or bumpers; room-sharing without bed-sharing reduces sudden infant death risk.

Mandatory reporting duty

Nurses must report reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect to child protective services, document objective findings, and avoid conducting their own investigation.

4-2-1 maintenance fluids

Hourly maintenance fluid is 4 mL/kg for the first 10 kg, 2 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 1 mL/kg for each kilogram above 20.

Dehydration deficit formula

Deficit in milliliters equals percent dehydration multiplied by weight in kilograms multiplied by 10, replaced over 24-48 hours along with maintenance fluids.

Infant vitamin D supplement

Exclusively or partially breastfed infants need 400 IU of vitamin D daily beginning soon after birth until they consume adequate vitamin D-fortified formula or milk.

Pediatric assessment triangle

A rapid first impression based on appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to skin, completed before vital signs in any pediatric emergency.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Give epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg intramuscularly of the 1:1000 concentration, up to 0.5 mg, into the anterolateral thigh, repeating every 5-15 minutes as needed.

Pediatric CPR ratio

Compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30:2 for a single rescuer and 15:2 for two rescuers in children, with compressions at 100-120 per minute.

Informed consent for minors

Consent is obtained from a parent or legal guardian; the child's assent is sought when developmentally able, and emancipated minors may consent independently.

Emergency consent exception

Treatment may proceed without consent when delay would endanger life or limb; the rationale and attempts to contact the guardian are documented.