Pressure to Certify a Deteriorated Car Park
You are a junior structural engineer at a consultancy. A partner asks you to issue a one-page letter confirming that a 1972 open-deck car park is structurally adequate, so the client can close a property sale on Friday. You inspected it for two hours: crack widths up to 0.5 mm on soffits, delamination sounding over about 8% of the slab area, cover 22 mm, and a chloride content of 0.35% by mass of cement from two samples. Half-cell potential readings suggest active corrosion in two bays. You have no original drawings, no design loads, and no core results. The client refuses a further three-day access for testing because it would delay the sale. The partner says the previous engineer used to sign these off after a walkover and that the fee is already committed. You have a draft letter in front of you stating that no significant defects were observed and the structure is adequate for its current use.
1. Can you sign the draft letter? Explain your professional obligations.
Read the worked answer
I cannot sign the draft. The statement that no significant defects were observed is contradicted by the inspection findings: 0.5 mm cracks, delamination over about 8% of the slab, low cover, elevated chloride, and half-cell readings indicating active corrosion. Signing would misrepresent the condition of the structure to a purchaser and could expose the public to risk.
Professional obligations include:
- Competence and due care: a two-hour walkover without drawings, loads, or cores is not an adequate basis for a structural adequacy opinion.
- Honesty and integrity: the letter must reflect what was observed and what was not assessed.
- Public safety: the car park is accessible to the public; a collapse or falling concrete risk is not a commercial inconvenience.
- Scope and limitations: an engineer may report observations, but must not imply a level of assurance that the work does not support.
The partner's precedent and the committed fee do not change the technical basis. If the letter is issued, my name or the firm's name would be attached to a conclusion the evidence does not support.
2. What alternative course of action would meet the client's need without misrepresentation?
Read the worked answer
Offer a factual inspection letter that separates observation from opinion. It would state:
- What was inspected and when, and what was not available (drawings, design loads, cores, full access).
- The observed defects with locations and approximate extent.
- That the observations indicate chloride-induced corrosion and delamination in at least two bays.
- That structural adequacy for current use has not been established, and that further investigation is required before reliance.
- Recommended tests: cover survey, carbonation depth, chloride profiles, half-cell mapping, and a load assessment if the intended use changes.
This meets the client's need for a document before Friday without certifying adequacy. If the client refuses access, the letter records that refusal and the resulting limitation. I would also propose a phased approach: non-intrusive testing first, then targeted cores if the sale proceeds. The client can then decide whether to accept the risk or delay. The key is that the document must not say the structure is adequate when it has not been assessed.
3. How would you communicate your position to the partner and client, and what would you do if the partner insists?
Read the worked answer
To the partner, I would be direct and factual: I cannot sign the draft because it states a conclusion the inspection does not support. I would explain the specific findings, the missing basis, and the alternative letter. I would separate the commercial pressure from the technical judgement and ask the partner to review the alternative before it goes out. I would put the advice in writing so the record is clear.
To the client, I would explain that the inspection found corrosion-related defects, that a walkover cannot confirm adequacy, and that the proposed letter reports observations and limitations rather than certifying the structure. I would offer the phased testing option and the timeline. I would avoid blaming the client for refusing access; I would simply record that the refusal limits the opinion.
If the partner insists on the original letter, I would not sign it. I would escalate to the firm's principal or ethics adviser, document the escalation, and ask for a written instruction if anyone wants to override me. If the firm still issues the letter without my involvement, I would disassociate myself in writing. In an extreme case involving imminent public risk, I would consider notifying the appropriate regulator, having first sought advice.