CPN CPE III flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

APGAR components

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. Each scored 0–2, total 0–10, recorded at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; ≥7 is generally reassuring.

Anterior fontanel closure

The anterior fontanel normally closes between 9 and 18 months of age. Delayed closure may suggest hypothyroidism, rickets, or increased intracranial pressure.

Pediatric weight doubling

Birth weight normally doubles by 4–5 months, triples by 12 months, and quadruples by 24 months. Deviations warrant nutritional and growth evaluation.

Mid-parental height formula

Boys: (father's height + mother's height + 13 cm)/2. Girls: (father's height + mother's height − 13 cm)/2. Result ±8.5 cm estimates genetic target range.

Teach-back method

The clinician asks the patient or family to restate instructions in their own words. Correct restatement confirms comprehension; incorrect restatement prompts re-teaching.

Pediatric assent

Children around 7 years and older provide developmental assent to care, while parents or guardians provide legal consent. Both are documented in the record.

SPIKES framework

Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, Strategy/summary. A structured approach for delivering bad news in pediatric and family meetings.

Safe sleep recommendations

Infants sleep supine on a firm surface without soft objects. Room-share without bed-sharing for the first 6–12 months to reduce sudden infant death risk.

Car seat progression

Rear-facing until age 2 or seat weight limit, then forward-facing harness, then booster until the seat belt fits (about 4 feet 9 inches, ages 8–12).

HPV vaccine dosing

Two doses if the series begins before the 15th birthday, with at least 5–6 months between doses. Three doses if started at 15 years or older.

ORS rehydration volumes

Mild dehydration: 50 mL/kg over 3–4 hours. Moderate dehydration: 100 mL/kg over 3–4 hours, with ongoing replacement of losses and reassessment.

Kawasaki disease treatment

IVIG 2 g/kg single dose plus high-dose aspirin, with echocardiography at diagnosis and again at 2 weeks. Goal is preventing coronary artery aneurysms.

Croup medication

Dexamethasone 0.15–0.6 mg/kg as a single dose. Nebulized epinephrine is added for stridor at rest and reassessed after 2–4 hours.

Nephrotic syndrome triad

Edema, heavy proteinuria (≥3+ or >40 mg/m²/hr), and hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL). First-line therapy is oral prednisone.

Body surface area formula

BSA (m²) = square root of (height in cm × weight in kg ÷ 3600). Used for chemotherapy and other narrow-therapeutic-index pediatric dosing.

Acetaminophen maximum dose

75 mg/kg/day or 4 g/day, whichever is lower. Typical single dose is 15 mg/kg every 4–6 hours; overdose risks hepatotoxicity.

Ibuprofen pediatric caution

Ibuprofen 10 mg/kg/dose every 6–8 hours. Avoid in infants younger than 6 months and in dehydration because of renal perfusion risk.

Leading and trailing zeros

Use a leading zero before decimal points (0.5 mg, not .5 mg). Never use trailing zeros (5 mg, not 5.0 mg). Reduces tenfold medication errors.

Neonatal jaundice timing

Physiologic jaundice appears after 24 hours and peaks around days 3–5. Jaundice within the first 24 hours is pathologic and requires urgent evaluation.

Newborn weight loss

Up to 10% of birth weight may be lost in the first week. Birth weight is typically regained by 10–14 days of age.

Kangaroo care benefits

Skin-to-skin contact for preterm and term infants reduces mortality, hypothermia, and nosocomial infection, and improves breastfeeding rates and maternal attachment.

Pediatric hypotension thresholds

1–12 months: systolic <70 mmHg. 1–10 years: <70 + (2 × age) mmHg. Over 10 years: <90 mmHg. Hypotension is a late decompensation sign.

PALS compression ratio

30:2 for a single rescuer and 15:2 for two rescuers, at 100–120 compressions per minute, with depth of one-third of the chest anteroposterior diameter.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

IM epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg (maximum 0.5 mg) of the 1 mg/mL concentration into the lateral thigh, repeated every 5–15 minutes as needed.

Preoperative fasting intervals

Clear liquids 2 hours, breast milk 4 hours, and formula or solids 6 hours before anesthesia. Reduces aspiration risk while limiting dehydration.

Autism screening tool

The M-CHAT-R is administered at 18 and 24 months. A positive screen prompts referral for diagnostic evaluation and early intervention services.

ADHD diagnostic criteria

Symptoms last at least 6 months, begin before age 12, occur in two or more settings, and cause functional impairment. Preschool first-line is behavioral therapy.

Adolescent depression screening

Annual screening from age 12 using PHQ-9 or PHQ-A. Positive screens trigger suicide risk assessment with a validated tool such as the C-SSRS.

Informed consent elements

Capacity, disclosure of risks and benefits, comprehension, voluntariness, and authorization. All must be present for legally valid consent in pediatric care.

Mandatory abuse reporting

Reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect must be reported to designated authorities. Nurses do not need to confirm or investigate before reporting.

PDSA improvement cycle

Plan, Do, Study, Act. An iterative quality improvement method for testing small changes, measuring results, and spreading successful interventions.

PICO question format

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome. A structured framework for formulating answerable clinical questions that guide evidence-based practice searches.