CPN CPE MMT flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

WHO growth standard

A growth reference for children 0-5 years describing how children should grow under optimal conditions; used to classify stunting, wasting, and underweight by Z-score.

Weight-for-height Z-score

An index comparing a child's weight to the median weight of children of the same height; values below −2 indicate wasting and below −3 indicate severe wasting.

MUAC cutoff

Mid-upper arm circumference measurement used in children 6-59 months; less than 12.5 cm indicates severe acute malnutrition and 12.5-13.5 cm indicates moderate acute malnutrition.

Prealbumin limitation

Prealbumin has a short half-life but falls with inflammation and infection, so it reflects acute-phase response rather than nutritional status alone and is not a reliable malnutrition marker.

Holliday-Segar method

A weight-based maintenance fluid calculation: 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg/day for each kilogram above 20 kg.

Catch-up growth energy

Energy prescribed above maintenance to support accelerated weight gain in malnourished children, commonly adding about 5-10 kcal per gram of desired weight gain per day.

Infant energy requirement

Estimated energy need is highest per kilogram in infancy, roughly 100-120 kcal/kg/day at 0-6 months and 80-100 kcal/kg/day at 6-12 months.

Complementary feeding onset

Introduction of solid foods around 6 months alongside breast milk or formula, beginning with iron-rich foods while continuing milk feeding to about 12 months.

Cystic fibrosis nutrition target

Children with cystic fibrosis need 110-200% of estimated energy needs, high fat intake, pancreatic enzymes dosed per gram of fat, and fat-soluble vitamin supplementation.

Phenylketonuria diet

A phenylalanine-restricted diet using low-phenylalanine medical formula with tyrosine supplementation; blood phenylalanine is monitored to prevent neurologic damage.

Galactosemia restriction

Complete exclusion of galactose and lactose from the diet, including breast milk, standard formula, and many processed foods, to prevent liver and neurologic injury.

Celiac gluten-free diet

Lifelong avoidance of wheat, barley, and rye gluten, with monitoring of iron, folate, calcium, and vitamin D and confirmation that serology normalizes on adherence.

Pediatric obesity treatment

Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment of at least 26 contact hours over 3-12 months for children 6 years and older, with pharmacotherapy or surgery for select adolescents.

Enteral over parenteral

The principle that enteral nutrition is preferred when the gastrointestinal tract functions, preserving gut integrity and reducing infection and cost compared with parenteral nutrition.

Polymeric formula

An intact-protein enteral formula for children over 1 year with normal digestion and absorption; it is the standard first choice for tube feeding.

Elemental formula

An amino acid-based formula used for severe malabsorption, short bowel syndrome, eosinophilic disorders, or multiple food protein allergies when hydrolyzed formulas fail.

Refeeding syndrome prevention

Start nutrition at 10-20 kcal/kg/day in severely malnourished children, monitor potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and advance calories gradually over 4-7 days.

Dextrose infusion limit

In neonates, dextrose infusion is typically limited to about 12-14 mg/kg/min to avoid hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition.

Motivational interviewing

A collaborative counseling style using open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries to strengthen a family's own motivation and commitment to nutrition change.

Division of responsibility

Satter's framework: parents decide what, when, and where food is served; children decide whether and how much to eat, reducing feeding conflict and supporting self-regulation.

Responsive feeding

Caregiver practices that recognize infant and child hunger and satiety cues, avoid pressure or force feeding, and provide structured meals and snacks rather than constant grazing.

Family-based treatment

A pediatric weight management approach engaging parents and changing the home food and activity environment; it outperforms interventions targeting the child alone.

Transtheoretical model

A behavior change framework with precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stages; counseling strategies are matched to the family's current stage.

WIC program

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children provides supplemental foods, nutrition education, and breastfeeding support to eligible participants up to age 5.

School meal pattern

USDA standards requiring age-appropriate amounts of fruits, vegetables, grains, milk, and protein with limits on calories and sodium in school breakfast and lunch.

Food insecurity screening

Use of validated brief tools such as the two-item Hunger Vital Sign to identify households with limited food access and refer them to SNAP, WIC, or community resources.

Social-ecological model

A public health framework targeting nutrition behavior at individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels to create supportive environments for healthy eating.

PES statement

The Nutrition Care Process diagnosis format stating the Problem related to the Etiology as evidenced by Signs and Symptoms, linking cause to measurable indicators.

Informed consent

Disclosure of the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives of a nutrition intervention, with parental or guardian permission and developmentally appropriate assent from the minor.

Mandatory reporting

Legal obligation of dietitians and other professionals to report suspected child abuse or neglect, including medical neglect or severe malnutrition, to designated authorities.

Scope of practice

The range of services a dietitian is trained and legally authorized to provide, governed by the Academy's standards and state licensure or certification laws.

Evidence-based practice

Integration of the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences when making nutrition care decisions.