FRSC Driving CBT key terms

A road marking of broad white stripes across the carriageway where pedestrians have priority; drivers must slow down and give way to anyone already crossing or about to cross.

A solid white line painted across a lane at a junction or crossing, marking the exact point where a vehicle must halt for a stop sign, traffic light or pedestrian crossing.

A triangular warning sign showing a walking figure, placed ahead of a crossing to alert drivers to expect pedestrians and reduce speed before reaching it.

A triangular sign with a red border and white background that alerts drivers to a hazard ahead, such as a bend, junction, school or narrowing road.

A sign, usually circular, that imposes a legal requirement or prohibition such as a speed limit, no entry, no overtaking or a compulsory direction of travel.

A circular regulatory sign displaying a number that sets the maximum legal speed in kilometres per hour for that road; exceeding it is an offence.

Coloured lights controlling right of way: red means stop behind the line, amber means stop unless it is unsafe to do so, and green means proceed only if the way is clear.

Lines, arrows and symbols painted on the road surface that guide, warn or regulate road users, including lane dividers, edge lines, hatched areas and directional arrows.

An unbroken line along the centre or edge of the road that must not be crossed; it usually marks a place where overtaking is unsafe or visibility is restricted.

A dashed centre line separating traffic in the same direction or permitting overtaking when it is safe, provided the manoeuvre can be completed without endangering other road users.

Passing a slower vehicle travelling in the same direction; it must be done only where permitted, with clear visibility and enough road space to return safely to the lane.

The priority a road user has to proceed first at a junction or narrowing; it is given, never taken, and must be yielded to pedestrians and vehicles already committed.

A circular junction where traffic already on the circle has priority; approaching drivers slow down, give way to the right where applicable, and signal on exit.

The gap kept behind the vehicle ahead, commonly the two-second rule in good conditions and at least four seconds on wet roads or at night.

A method of judging a safe gap by counting two seconds between the vehicle ahead passing a fixed point and your own vehicle reaching it.

Driving too close behind another vehicle, leaving no room to stop if it brakes suddenly; it is a leading cause of rear-end collisions and is an offence.

The area around a vehicle that cannot be seen in the mirrors; drivers must turn the head to check it before changing lane, overtaking or reversing.

A routine for changing direction: check the mirrors, signal the intention in good time, then act only after confirming it is safe to do so.

A flashing lamp on a vehicle used to signal an intention to turn, change lane or leave a roundabout, giving other road users advance warning of the movement.

A parking brake operated by hand or foot that holds the vehicle stationary when parked and is applied as a backup during emergency braking on some vehicles.

Choosing the appropriate gear for the road speed and conditions; a lower gear gives more control and engine braking on hills, bends and slippery surfaces.

Slowing the vehicle by releasing the accelerator and selecting a lower gear so that the engine resists motion, reducing reliance on the foot brake on long descents.

A check of tyres, brakes, lights, fluids, wipers, mirrors and load security carried out before a journey to catch defects that could cause a breakdown or crash.

The thickness of rubber remaining on a tyre's grooves; too little tread reduces grip and water clearance, so worn tyres must be replaced before they become unsafe.

A loss of braking power caused by overheating of the brakes after repeated or prolonged use, often on long descents; the driver should slow down and use engine braking.

Loss of tyre contact with the road when water builds up under the wheels; the driver should ease off the accelerator, avoid harsh braking and steer gently until grip returns.

Loss of grip causing the vehicle to slide; the driver should stop braking or accelerating sharply, steer in the direction of the skid and avoid sudden inputs until control returns.

Driving in reduced visibility by using dipped headlights and fog lamps, slowing down, increasing the following distance and never using main beam, which reflects back off the fog.

Low-beam lights that illuminate the road ahead without dazzling oncoming drivers; they are required at night and in rain, fog or other poor visibility.

Driving after dark, when visibility falls and fatigue rises; drivers should reduce speed, keep windscreens and lights clean and avoid looking directly at oncoming headlights.

Physical and mental tiredness that slows reaction time and judgement; drivers should rest every two hours on long trips and stop at the first signs of drowsiness.

Driving while attention is taken away from the road by phone use, eating, conversation or other tasks; it sharply increases reaction time and crash risk.

The amount of alcohol in the blood, measured in milligrams per 100 millilitres; exceeding the legal limit is an offence and impairs judgement, coordination and reaction time.

A device used by enforcement officers to estimate the alcohol content of a driver's breath; refusal to provide a sample is itself an offence under traffic law.

A style of driving that anticipates the mistakes of others, keeps a safety margin and plans an escape route, rather than assuming other road users will behave correctly.

The skill of spotting developing dangers early, such as a child near the kerb or a vehicle edging out of a side road, so that a response can be made in time.

The Federal Road Safety Corps, the Nigerian agency responsible for road safety administration, traffic law enforcement, crash rescue and driver licensing support on federal roads.

An official document permitting a person to drive a stated class of vehicle; it is obtained after training, testing and medical checks and must be carried while driving.

The official recording and plating of a vehicle with a unique number, confirming ownership and roadworthiness and enabling enforcement and crash investigation.

The emergency response to a road traffic crash, including securing the scene, calling for help, giving first aid and moving casualties only when there is immediate danger.