ISPON HSE Level 2 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Hazard versus risk

A hazard is any source or situation with the potential to cause harm; risk is the combination of the likelihood that harm occurs and its severity.

ALARP principle

ALARP means reducing risk as low as reasonably practicable: further controls are required unless their cost is grossly disproportionate to the safety benefit gained.

Factories Act Nigeria

Nigerian statute (Cap F1, Laws of the Federation 2004) imposing safety, health and welfare duties on factory occupiers, enforced by the Factories Inspectorate of the Federal Ministry of Labour.

Employee's Compensation Act 2010

Nigerian law administered by the Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund that compensates employees for work-related injury, disability or death and replaced the Workmen's Compensation Act.

NESREA Act 2007

Nigerian law creating the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, which sets and enforces environmental standards, permits and effluent and emission regulations.

Hierarchy of risk control

Order of control reliability: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, then personal protective equipment, which is the last line of defence.

Risk rating formula

A semi-quantitative method where risk score equals likelihood multiplied by severity, plotted on a matrix to rank risks as low, medium, high or extreme.

Residual risk

The risk remaining after existing and planned controls are applied; it must be compared with the organisation's risk acceptance criteria before work continues.

Job safety analysis

A technique that breaks a task into sequential steps, identifies the hazards associated with each step and specifies controls; also called job hazard analysis.

TLV-TWA

Threshold Limit Value–Time-Weighted Average: the airborne concentration averaged over a normal 8-hour shift and 40-hour week to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed.

Noise action level 85 dB

An 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 dB(A) normally triggers hearing protection and audiometric testing; each 3 dB increase halves the permitted exposure duration.

Silicosis

A permanent fibrotic lung disease caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica, producing nodules and increased tuberculosis risk; controlled by dust suppression, ventilation and respiratory protection.

Respirator fit testing

A test confirming that a tight-fitting respirator seals against the wearer's face; qualitative tests use taste or odour, quantitative tests measure the leakage ratio.

SCBA

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus: a supplied-air device with an integral cylinder allowing work in oxygen-deficient or immediately dangerous to life and health atmospheres.

Machine guarding

Physical barriers preventing body parts from contacting dangerous moving parts; guards must be securely fixed, difficult to bypass and must not create new hazards.

Fire tetrahedron

The four elements required for combustion are fuel, oxygen, heat and the chemical chain reaction; removing any one of them extinguishes the fire.

Fire classes A B C D F

Classification of fires: A solids, B flammable liquids, C flammable gases, D combustible metals, F cooking oils; the class determines the correct extinguishing medium.

PASS technique

The sequence for using a fire extinguisher: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle and Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

DRABC primary survey

First aid sequence of Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation used to find and treat immediately life-threatening conditions before secondary assessment.

Adult CPR ratio

For adult CPR give 30 chest compressions at 100 to 120 per minute at 5 to 6 cm depth, followed by 2 rescue breaths, and use an AED when available.

START triage

Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment sorts casualties into immediate, delayed, minor and deceased categories using respiration, perfusion and mental status, without treatment at the triage point.

Near miss

An unplanned event that did not cause injury or damage but had the potential to do so, giving early warning of failure before real harm occurs.

LTIFR formula

Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate equals the number of lost time injuries multiplied by one million and divided by total hours worked in the period.

Root cause analysis

A structured investigation using tools such as 5 Whys, fishbone diagrams or fault trees to identify the underlying management-system failures behind an incident.

Waste hierarchy

Preferred order of waste management: prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery including energy recovery, and finally disposal; avoiding generation of waste is most preferred.

Environmental impact assessment

A formal process, required in Nigeria under the EIA Act 1992, that predicts the environmental effects of a proposed project before approval is granted.

Environmental aspect

An element of an organisation's activities, products or services that interacts with the environment; significant aspects are those causing or potentially causing significant impacts.

PDCA cycle

Plan, Do, Check, Act: the continual improvement cycle that underpins ISO management systems including ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety and ISO 14001 for environment.

Lagging indicator

A reactive performance measure of outcomes that have already occurred, such as injury rates and lost time, as opposed to leading indicators that measure preventive activities.

Permit to work

A formal written authorisation for high-risk work that defines the task, hazards, isolations, gas tests, controls and validity period before work may begin.

Confined space entry limits

Before entry the atmosphere should normally be oxygen 19.5 to 23.5 percent, flammable gas below 10 percent LEL, and toxic gases below exposure limits, with a standby attendant.

ABC behaviour model

In behaviour-based safety, antecedents trigger behaviour and the consequences that follow determine whether the safe behaviour will be repeated; positive reinforcement strengthens it.