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ISPON HSE Level 2 study materials
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ISPON HSE Level 2 practice questions

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Question 1Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

According to the widely used WHO definition, occupational health is concerned with:

  1. The clinical treatment of workers injured while on duty
  2. The physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations Correct answer.
  3. The payment of compensation to employees injured at work
  4. The inspection of factories by government safety officers

Explanation

Occupational health is a preventive discipline aimed at promoting and maintaining the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations. It also covers protecting workers from hazards and adapting work to the person. Treatment, compensation and inspection are related activities but are not the definition itself.

Question 2Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

In HSE terminology, a hazard is best described as:

  1. The severity of the injury a worker actually sustains
  2. The likelihood that harm will occur in a given situation
  3. A source or situation with the potential to cause harm Correct answer.
  4. An event that has already resulted in injury or damage

Explanation

A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm, such as a chemical, a machine, electricity or a working practice. It exists independently of whether anyone is harmed. Likelihood and severity belong to the concept of risk, and an event that has already caused harm is an accident or incident.

Question 3Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

The fire triangle shows the three elements that must be present together for combustion. They are:

  1. Fuel, oxygen and a source of ignition Correct answer.
  2. Smoke, heat and fuel
  3. Oxygen, nitrogen and fuel
  4. Fuel, water and heat

Explanation

Combustion requires fuel, oxygen and a source of ignition (heat); removing any one of the three breaks the triangle and the fire cannot start or continue. Fire-fighting methods work by removing one of these elements, for example cooling with water or smothering the fuel.

Question 4Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

A workshop decides to issue ear muffs to all machine operators as its main response to a noise problem. In the hierarchy of control, personal protective equipment is:

  1. The last resort, used when higher-level controls cannot control the risk Correct answer.
  2. Ranked equal with administrative controls such as job rotation
  3. The first choice, because it protects each worker directly
  4. Preferred over engineering controls where noise cannot be measured

Explanation

The hierarchy ranks elimination, substitution, engineering controls and administrative controls above PPE because those measures remove or reduce the hazard at source and protect everyone in the area. PPE relies on correct fitting, use and maintenance by each individual and is therefore the least reliable control. It is used when the risk cannot be adequately controlled by higher-level measures.

Question 5Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

A near miss is best defined as:

  1. An accident that damages property without injuring anyone
  2. A hazard noted during a routine workplace inspection
  3. An unplanned event that did not cause injury but had the potential to do so Correct answer.
  4. Any event that results in a reportable injury to a worker

Explanation

A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness or damage but had the potential to do so. Because it reveals a failure in controls, reporting near misses allows corrective action before real harm occurs. It differs from an accident in that no harm actually resulted.

Question 6Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

In risk assessment, risk is best described as:

  1. The probability that a machine will break down during use
  2. The total number of accidents recorded by a company in a year
  3. The ability of a hazard to cause harm regardless of exposure
  4. The combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event and the severity of harm Correct answer.

Explanation

Risk is the product of how likely a hazardous event is and how severe the resulting harm would be. This is why risk can change when exposure or controls change, even though the hazard stays the same. Risk is assessed before controls are chosen so that effort is directed at the highest priority.

Question 7Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

'ALARP' refers to a principle under which risk is:

  1. Set at the maximum level a worker may tolerate for one hour
  2. Accepted by the regulator without any assessment
  3. Eliminated completely before any work is allowed to start
  4. Reduced until further reduction is grossly disproportionate in effort or cost Correct answer.

Explanation

ALARP means as low as reasonably practicable: risk is reduced until the cost, time or difficulty of further measures is grossly disproportionate to the benefit gained. It recognises that some residual risk always remains after controls are applied. It requires judgement rather than absolute elimination of risk.

Question 8Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Which of the following control measures ranks highest in the hierarchy of control?

  1. Installing local exhaust ventilation at the source
  2. Removing the hazardous process from the workplace Correct answer.
  3. Writing a safe work procedure for the task
  4. Issuing respirators and gloves to the workers

Explanation

Elimination, that is removing the hazard or the hazardous process altogether, is the most effective control because the risk disappears at source and no reliance on human behaviour remains. Engineering controls come next, followed by administrative controls and then PPE.

Question 9Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

A red circular sign with a diagonal bar across a symbol indicates that the activity shown is:

  1. Prohibited and must not be carried out Correct answer.
  2. Mandatory and must be carried out
  3. A warning of a specific hazard
  4. The location of emergency equipment

Explanation

Prohibition signs use a red circle with a diagonal bar over a black symbol to show that an activity, such as smoking or entry, is forbidden. Mandatory signs are blue circles, warning signs are yellow triangles and emergency equipment signs are green.

Question 10Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

A toolbox talk is best described as:

  1. A yearly training programme for all employees
  2. A written report sent to the safety officer after an incident
  3. A formal disciplinary hearing held after an unsafe act
  4. A short discussion at the workplace on a specific safety topic before work Correct answer.

Explanation

A toolbox talk is a brief, informal briefing given at the work location, usually at the start of a shift, covering the hazards of the day's task and the controls required. It reinforces awareness immediately before work rather than replacing formal training. Records of attendance are normally kept.

Question 11Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

The main purpose of a job safety analysis (JSA) is to:

  1. Certify that a worker is medically fit to perform a task
  2. Break a task into steps and identify the hazards and controls at each step Correct answer.
  3. Record the names of workers who may be disciplined
  4. Work out the cost of the safety equipment a job requires

Explanation

A job safety analysis divides a task into its component steps, examines the hazards associated with each step and specifies the controls to be applied. It is normally done before the task starts and is reviewed with the workers who will perform it. Costing and medical fitness are separate processes.

Question 12Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

A permit-to-work is best described as:

  1. A record of the safety training completed by staff
  2. A licence issued to a company to operate a factory
  3. A document that replaces the need for a risk assessment
  4. A formal written authorisation to carry out a defined high-risk task under stated controls Correct answer.

Explanation

A permit-to-work is a formal control used for high-risk activities such as hot work, confined space entry or work on live systems. It records the hazards, the precautions taken, the isolation and testing done, and the authorisation for the work to proceed for a defined period. It supplements, and never replaces, the risk assessment.

Question 13Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Which document provides information on the hazards, safe handling and emergency measures for a hazardous chemical?

  1. The toolbox talk attendance record
  2. The equipment maintenance log
  3. The purchase invoice for the chemical
  4. The safety data sheet (SDS) Correct answer.

Explanation

A safety data sheet is supplied by the manufacturer or supplier and sets out the hazards of the substance, safe handling and storage, exposure controls, first aid and emergency response. It should be available to everyone who handles the chemical. Commercial and administrative documents carry none of this technical information.

Question 14Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Which statement best describes an occupational disease?

  1. It is a condition that must be reported to the police immediately
  2. It always results from a single sudden event at work
  3. It usually develops slowly after repeated or prolonged exposure to a hazard at work Correct answer.
  4. It can only be identified by the employer, not a doctor

Explanation

Occupational diseases such as silicosis, noise-induced hearing loss and occupational dermatitis generally develop gradually after repeated or prolonged exposure to a hazard at work. Their long latency makes them easy to miss, so surveillance and exposure monitoring are important. A single sudden event is the typical cause of an injury, not a disease.

Question 15Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Which of the following is an engineering control?

  1. Issuing hearing protection to machine operators
  2. Training workers on the effects of noise
  3. Rotating workers to shorten each person's exposure time
  4. Enclosing a noisy machine in a soundproof housing Correct answer.

Explanation

Engineering controls modify the plant, process or workplace itself so that the hazard is reduced at source, for example by enclosure, isolation, ventilation or damping. They protect everyone in the area and do not depend on individual behaviour. Job rotation, PPE and training are administrative and personal controls.

Question 16Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

A threshold limit value – time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) represents:

  1. An average airborne concentration over a normal 8-hour working day Correct answer.
  2. The concentration immediately dangerous to life or health
  3. A ceiling concentration that must never be exceeded at any time
  4. A short-term exposure limit averaged over 15 minutes

Explanation

A TLV-TWA is the average airborne concentration to which nearly all workers may be exposed over a conventional 8-hour working day and a 40-hour week without adverse effect. It allows short peaks as long as the shift average stays within the value. Ceiling and short-term limits are separate types of limit.

Question 17Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

The primary purpose of investigating a workplace incident is to:

  1. Identify root causes so that similar events can be prevented Correct answer.
  2. Establish which worker should be punished
  3. Calculate the compensation payable to the injured person
  4. Support the insurance claim made by the company

Explanation

Incident investigation looks beyond the immediate cause to the underlying management and system failures so that corrective action prevents recurrence. Blame-focused investigation discourages reporting and hides the real causes. Insurance and compensation matters are handled separately.

Question 18Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Which of the following is the clearest indicator of a positive safety culture?

  1. A large safety department staffed by specialists
  2. Safety posters displayed at the factory gate
  3. Very few accident reports being filed each year
  4. Workers reporting hazards and near misses without fear of blame Correct answer.

Explanation

A positive safety culture is shown by open reporting, where workers trust that raising hazards and near misses will lead to improvement rather than punishment. Reporting builds the information base needed for prevention. Posters and department size are visible features but do not demonstrate the underlying attitudes and behaviour.

Question 19Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Atmospheric testing before entry into a confined space gives an oxygen reading of 17%. The correct interpretation is that the space:

  1. Is oxygen-enriched and presents an increased fire risk
  2. Contains a normal atmosphere suitable for entry
  3. Is oxygen-deficient and must not be entered Correct answer.
  4. Is safe to enter provided the entrant wears ordinary clothing

Explanation

Normal air contains about 20.9% oxygen, and an atmosphere below about 19.5% is classified as oxygen-deficient and unsafe for entry. At 17% a person's judgement and coordination are already impaired, and entry would require full assessment and appropriate respiratory protection under a permit. Oxygen enrichment is a reading above about 23.5%.

Question 20Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

In environmental management, the difference between an aspect and an impact is that:

  1. Both terms describe the same thing, namely the quantity of waste produced by a site
  2. An impact is the activity that produces waste and an aspect is the result of that activity
  3. An aspect is the legal limit set by the regulator and an impact is the value measured on site
  4. An aspect is an element of an activity that interacts with the environment, and an impact is the resulting change Correct answer.

Explanation

An environmental aspect is the element of an organisation's activities, products or services that interacts with the environment, such as the emission of exhaust gases. The environmental impact is the change to the environment that results, such as poorer local air quality. Identifying aspects allows significant impacts to be managed.

Question 21Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

The main purpose of a risk assessment is to:

  1. Calculate the insurance premium for the site
  2. Identify hazards and decide on controls before work begins Correct answer.
  3. Record the names of everyone present on the site
  4. Remove the need for training and supervision

Explanation

A risk assessment identifies the hazards of an activity, evaluates how likely and how severe the harm could be, and decides what controls are needed before the work starts. It is a preventive planning tool and must be reviewed when conditions change. It supports training and supervision rather than replacing them.

Question 22Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

The 'Swiss cheese' model of accident causation explains that an accident occurs when:

  1. Unsafe conditions exist in the workplace for a long period
  2. A single worker commits one unsafe act
  3. Random events combine in a way that cannot be prevented
  4. Weaknesses in several layers of defence line up at the same moment Correct answer.

Explanation

The model pictures each layer of protection as a slice of cheese with holes representing weaknesses. Harm occurs only when the holes in every layer line up, allowing the hazard to pass through all defences. This is why several independent barriers, each sound, are needed to prevent accidents.

Question 23Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

In the waste management hierarchy, which option ranks highest?

  1. Recycling materials into new products
  2. Disposal in an engineered landfill
  3. Avoiding the generation of waste in the first place Correct answer.
  4. Recovering energy from waste by incineration

Explanation

The waste hierarchy places prevention first, followed by reuse, recycling, other recovery such as energy recovery, and finally safe disposal. Preventing waste avoids the environmental burden of producing, transporting and treating it. Landfill sits at the bottom of the hierarchy.

Question 24Fundamentals and Concepts of Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

Two workers breathe the same concentration of a toxic vapour, one for a full shift and one for only an hour. The full-shift worker faces the greater risk because:

  1. The dose received increases with the duration of exposure Correct answer.
  2. Exposure limits apply only to workers on full shifts
  3. The substance becomes more toxic the longer it is present
  4. Short exposures to toxic vapours are always harmless

Explanation

The harm caused by a toxic substance depends on the dose absorbed, which is the product of concentration and duration of exposure. At the same concentration, a longer exposure means a larger dose and therefore a greater risk of adverse effect. This is why exposure limits are expressed as averages over a stated period.

Question 25HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which Nigerian statute is the principal legislation governing occupational safety, health and welfare in factories?

  1. Labour Act (Cap L1, Laws of the Federation 2004)
  2. Employees' Compensation Act 2010
  3. NESREA Act 2007
  4. Factories Act (Cap F1, Laws of the Federation 2004) Correct answer.

Explanation

The Factories Act is the core occupational safety and health statute in Nigeria, covering registration of factories, general duties on safety and welfare, and inspection by the Factory Inspectorate. It originated as the Factories Act 1947 and was re-enacted in 1990 before being compiled into the 2004 Laws of the Federation.

Question 26HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which Nigerian agency is mandated by the NESREA Act 2007 to enforce environmental standards and regulations?

  1. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Correct answer.
  2. Standards Organisation of Nigeria
  3. National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency
  4. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control

Explanation

The NESREA Act 2007 created the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency and charged it with enforcing environmental laws, standards and regulations across sectors. It acts as the principal federal environmental enforcement body following the repeal of the earlier FEPA regime.

Question 27HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

The International Labour Organization is described as a tripartite body because its decision-making structures bring together which three groups?

  1. Employers, workers and consumers
  2. Employers, workers and non-governmental organisations
  3. Governments, employers and workers Correct answer.
  4. Governments, judges and workers

Explanation

The ILO's unique tripartite structure gives equal voice to representatives of governments, employers and workers in its conferences and governing bodies. This is the basis of its conventions and recommendations on occupational safety and health.

Question 28HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which international standard sets requirements for an occupational health and safety management system and superseded OHSAS 18001?

  1. ISO 14001:2015
  2. ISO 45001:2018 Correct answer.
  3. ISO 9001:2015
  4. OHSAS 18002:2008

Explanation

ISO 45001:2018 is the international standard for occupational health and safety management systems and was developed to replace OHSAS 18001, with a migration period that ended in 2021. It uses the harmonised high-level structure shared by other ISO management system standards.

Question 29HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which body administers the employees' compensation scheme established under the Employees' Compensation Act 2010?

  1. National Industrial Safety Council of Nigeria
  2. Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment
  3. Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund Correct answer.
  4. National Pension Commission

Explanation

The Employees' Compensation Act 2010 repealed the Workmen's Compensation Act and placed the administration of the new compensation scheme on the Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund. Employers contribute to the fund, which pays benefits for work-related injury, disability and death.

Question 30HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which Nigerian legislation requires environmental impact assessment to be carried out before major development projects are executed?

  1. Urban and Regional Planning Act 1992
  2. Environmental Impact Assessment Act 1992 Correct answer.
  3. Water Resources Act 1993
  4. Land Use Act 1978

Explanation

The Environmental Impact Assessment Act, originally Decree No. 86 of 1992, requires any person or authority proposing a project likely to affect the environment significantly to conduct an EIA before proceeding. It sets out the categories of projects and the procedural steps for approval.

Question 31HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

What is the primary function of the National Industrial Safety Council of Nigeria?

  1. Prosecuting offenders under environmental legislation
  2. Advising government and industry on industrial safety matters Correct answer.
  3. Operating the employees' compensation scheme
  4. Licensing the operation of nuclear installations

Explanation

The National Industrial Safety Council of Nigeria, established in 1962. It serves as a tripartite advisory forum that promotes industrial safety and recommends measures to government and employers. It does not perform regulatory enforcement or fund administration.

Question 32HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

In which year was the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act, which created OSHA, signed into law?

  1. 1960
  2. 1974
  3. 1970 Correct answer.
  4. 1981

Explanation

The Occupational Safety and Health Act was signed into law in December 1970 and led to the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It is the foundation of federal workplace safety regulation in the United States.

Question 33HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Under the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, which body regulates upstream petroleum operations, including health, safety and environmental compliance in that segment?

  1. Department of Petroleum Resources
  2. Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority
  3. Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission Correct answer.
  4. NNPC Limited

Explanation

The Petroleum Industry Act 2021 split regulatory functions, creating the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission for upstream activities and a separate authority for midstream and downstream operations. The Commission oversees licensing, HSE compliance and asset regulation in the upstream sector.

Question 34HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which statute established the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority?

  1. Radiation Protection Act 2010
  2. Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act 1995 Correct answer.
  3. Atomic Energy Act 1962
  4. Nuclear Energy Act 2004

Explanation

The Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act No. 19 of 1995 created the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority and gave it powers to license and inspect the use of radioactive sources and nuclear materials. The Authority also enforces radiation protection standards for workers and the public.

Question 35HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which body is empowered under Lagos State law to regulate safety in workplaces and public establishments within the state?

  1. Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency
  2. National Industrial Safety Council of Nigeria
  3. Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment
  4. Lagos State Safety Commission Correct answer.

Explanation

The Lagos State Safety Commission was established by the Lagos State Safety Commission Law 2011 and is empowered to enforce safety standards in workplaces, public buildings and events within the state. It illustrates how Nigerian states can supplement federal occupational safety regulation.

Question 36HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

The UK Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 requires employers to ensure the health, safety and welfare of employees so far as is reasonably practicable. In practice, this duty requires an employer to do what?

  1. Introduce controls only after an injury has actually occurred
  2. Eliminate every foreseeable hazard regardless of the cost involved
  3. Weigh the risk against the time, cost and effort needed to control it Correct answer.
  4. Transfer the duty entirely to employees through written instructions

Explanation

So far as is reasonably practicable is a proportionality test: the employer balances the magnitude of the risk against the sacrifice in time, cost and effort needed to avert it. If the risk is significant and the control is feasible, cost alone will not justify inaction.

Question 37HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals is developed and maintained under the auspices of which organisation?

  1. International Labour Organization
  2. World Health Organization
  3. United Nations Correct answer.
  4. International Organization for Standardization

Explanation

The GHS is a United Nations system, issued as the 'Purple Book' and periodically updated by a UN committee of experts. It provides harmonised criteria for hazard classification, labels and safety data sheets that countries adopt into national law.

Question 38HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which international code governs the safe carriage of dangerous goods by sea?

  1. IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations
  2. NFPA 704 Standard System
  3. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Correct answer.
  4. European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road

Explanation

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, issued by the International Maritime Organization, sets out classification, packing, stowage and documentation requirements for dangerous goods carried by sea. It is given legal effect through the SOLAS Convention.

Question 39HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

The Basel Convention is an international treaty that controls which activity?

  1. Emissions of ozone-depleting substances
  2. International trade in endangered species
  3. Release of persistent organic pollutants
  4. Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal Correct answer.

Explanation

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, adopted in 1989, regulates the movement of hazardous and other wastes between countries and promotes environmentally sound management. It arose largely in response to cases of waste dumping in developing countries.

Question 40HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

ISO 14001 is the international standard that specifies requirements for which management system?

  1. Risk management
  2. Occupational health and safety management
  3. Environmental management Correct answer.
  4. Quality management

Explanation

ISO 14001 sets out requirements for an environmental management system, helping organisations manage environmental aspects, legal obligations and continual improvement. It is frequently integrated with ISO 45001 for safety and ISO 9001 for quality.

Question 41HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

What does the ILO document known as ILO-OSH 2001 provide?

  1. Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems Correct answer.
  2. A code of practice for the transport of dangerous goods
  3. A model law on compensation for occupational injuries
  4. A convention banning the use of asbestos worldwide

Explanation

ILO-OSH 2001 provides practical guidelines for establishing and maintaining occupational safety and health management systems at national and organisational level. It is voluntary guidance that complements ILO Convention No. 155 and is compatible with ISO 45001 principles.

Question 42HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which Nigerian agency is responsible for detecting and responding to oil spills in the Nigerian environment?

  1. National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency Correct answer.
  2. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency
  3. Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission
  4. Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency

Explanation

The National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, created by the NOSDRA Act 2006, coordinates the detection and response to oil spills and maintains the national oil spill contingency plan. It works alongside other regulators during spill incidents.

Question 43HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which Nigerian agency regulates packaged food, drugs, cosmetics and chemicals to protect consumer safety?

  1. Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority
  2. National Industrial Safety Council of Nigeria
  3. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control Correct answer.
  4. Standards Organisation of Nigeria

Explanation

NAFDAC is mandated to regulate food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, bottled water and chemicals, including registration of products and control of labelling and advertising. Its chemicals and hazardous substances functions include regulating the import and handling of certain industrial chemicals.

Question 44HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Under the Factories Act, who bears the general duty to ensure the health, safety and welfare of persons employed in a factory?

  1. The local government authority
  2. The factory inspector assigned to the area
  3. The occupier of the factory Correct answer.
  4. The employees' trade union

Explanation

The Factories Act places the general duties for the safety, health and welfare of workers on the occupier of the factory. The occupier is responsible for compliance items such as machinery guarding, ventilation, fire precautions and the keeping of registers, and is answerable to the Factory Inspectorate.

Question 45HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which Nigerian law was enacted in 1988 following the dumping of toxic waste at Koko and imposes severe penalties, including life imprisonment, for trafficking in harmful waste?

  1. National Environmental (Sanitation and Wastes Control) Regulations 2009
  2. NESREA Act 2007
  3. Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions, etc.) Act Correct answer.
  4. Oil in Navigable Waters Act

Explanation

The Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions, etc.) Act was enacted in 1988 after the discovery of imported toxic waste dumped at Koko in Delta State. It criminalises the purchase, import, sale, transport, deposit and storage of harmful waste and prescribes very severe penalties designed to deter waste dumping.

Question 46HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

The NESREA Act 2007 repealed which earlier Nigerian environmental statute, transferring its functions to the new agency?

  1. Labour Act
  2. Environmental Impact Assessment Act
  3. Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions, etc.) Act
  4. Federal Environmental Protection Agency Act Correct answer.

Explanation

The NESREA Act 2007 repealed the Federal Environmental Protection Agency Act, which had created FEPA in 1988 as the first comprehensive federal environmental body in Nigeria. NESREA took over the standards and enforcement role while some functions moved to other agencies.

Question 47HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which international convention establishes a prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides moving in international trade?

  1. Rotterdam Convention Correct answer.
  2. Stockholm Convention
  3. Basel Convention
  4. Montreal Protocol

Explanation

The Rotterdam Convention requires exporters of listed hazardous chemicals and pesticides to obtain the prior informed consent of the importing country before shipment. It works alongside the Basel and Stockholm conventions as part of the international chemicals and waste cluster.

Question 48HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

The Seveso III Directive is a European Union instrument that establishes requirements for which of the following?

  1. Control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances Correct answer.
  2. Ambient air quality limits in urban areas
  3. Exposure limits for workplace noise
  4. Carriage of dangerous goods by road

Explanation

Seveso III, Directive 2012/18/EU, applies to establishments holding dangerous substances above defined thresholds and requires major-accident hazard assessment, safety reports, emergency planning and land-use controls. It takes its name from the 1976 Seveso industrial disaster in Italy.

Question 49HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

What does ILO Convention No. 155, the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981, require of each ratifying member?

  1. To replace workplace inspections with employer declarations
  2. To formulate, implement and review a national OSH policy Correct answer.
  3. To recognise OHSAS 18001 as its sole safety standard
  4. To adopt the Seveso Directive into domestic law

Explanation

Article 4 of Convention No. 155 requires each ratifying member, in consultation with representative organisations of employers and workers, to formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy on occupational safety, health and the working environment. The policy must aim to reduce hazards to a minimum by preventive action.

Question 50HSE Legislation, Regulations and Regulatory Bodies (Nigeria and international)

Which body administers the Employees' Compensation Act 2010 in Nigeria, including the payment of compensation to workers injured or killed at work?

  1. Federal Ministry of Environment
  2. Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund Correct answer.
  3. Standards Organisation of Nigeria
  4. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control

Explanation

The Employees' Compensation Act 2010 repealed the old Workmen's Compensation Act and placed the new compensation scheme under the Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund, which manages the Employees' Compensation Fund and pays benefits for workplace injury, disability and death. Employers are required to remit contributions to the Fund and to report workplace accidents within the prescribed periods.