ISPON Professional Membership flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Factories Act (Nigeria)
- Principal Nigerian OHS statute (Cap F1, LFN 2004, originally 1990) imposing duties on occupiers of factories, requiring registration and accident notification, and enforced by the Factories Inspectorate.
- Employee's Compensation Act 2010
- Nigerian law administered by NSITF providing compensation for workplace injury, disability, and death; employers contribute 1% of payroll to the Employees' Compensation Fund.
- ILO Convention No. 155
- Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981, requiring a national OSH policy, tripartite consultation, and preventive measures; it sets the international baseline for OSH legislation.
- Risk formula
- Risk = likelihood × severity in qualitative matrices, or probability × consequence × exposure in quantitative assessments; used to rank hazards and prioritise controls.
- ALARP principle
- Risk must be reduced as low as reasonably practicable; the gross disproportion test allows acceptance only when control cost vastly exceeds benefit, and intolerable risks must be eliminated regardless.
- Hierarchy of controls
- Order of effectiveness from most to least: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, then PPE; PPE is the last line of defence.
- HAZOP
- Hazard and Operability study applying guide words (no, more, less, reverse, as well as, part of, other than) to process parameters to identify deviations and their consequences in continuous plant.
- ISO 45001:2018
- International certifiable OSH management system standard built on Plan-Do-Check-Act, covering context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, and improvement.
- Management review
- Top management's periodic evaluation of the safety management system using audit results, incident data, legal compliance, and objectives status, producing decisions on improvement and resources.
- LTIFR
- Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate = (number of lost-time injuries × 1,000,000) divided by total hours worked; a lagging indicator of safety performance.
- Safety policy
- Written statement signed by top management committing the organisation to prevent injury and ill health, comply with legal requirements, consult workers, and continually improve safety performance.
- Accountability vs responsibility
- Line managers are accountable for safety in their area; all workers are responsible for following controls and reporting hazards; safety professionals advise but do not own line risk.
- Near miss
- An unplanned event that did not cause injury or damage but had the potential to do so; reporting near misses is a leading indicator of safety maturity.
- 5 Whys
- Iterative root cause analysis technique asking 'why' repeatedly until the underlying system failure is identified; simple but should be combined with other methods for complex events.
- Swiss Cheese model
- Reason's model in which latent conditions and active failures align through gaps in successive defences, allowing an incident to occur; it supports systemic rather than blame-focused investigation.
- Fire triangle
- The three elements needed for combustion: fuel, oxygen, and heat (ignition source); the fire tetrahedron adds the chemical chain reaction; removing any element extinguishes fire.
- PASS technique
- Extinguisher use: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side; only fight small fires with a clear escape route.
- Fire classes
- A: solid combustibles; B: flammable liquids; C: flammable gases; D: combustible metals; F/K: cooking oils; extinguisher selection must match the class.
- Industrial hygiene process
- Anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of workplace health hazards, followed by verification through monitoring and health surveillance.
- Occupational exposure limit
- Concentration of a hazardous agent in workplace air to which nearly all workers may be exposed repeatedly without adverse health effects; used to evaluate exposure and prioritise controls.
- Health surveillance
- Systematic monitoring of workers exposed to specific hazards (noise, vibration, lead, solvents, dust) through pre-employment, periodic, and exit medicals, with confidential records.
- GHS SDS
- Globally Harmonized System Safety Data Sheet with 16 sections covering identification, hazards, composition, first aid, firefighting, handling, exposure controls, and disposal.
- LEV
- Local exhaust ventilation captures contaminants at source; it must be designed, commissioned, and thoroughly examined and tested (often every 14 months) by a competent person.
- Permit to work
- Formal control for high-risk activities specifying the task, hazards, precautions, isolations, gas testing, authorised persons, and validity period; it must be closed out on completion.
- Inspection vs audit
- Inspections are frequent physical checks of conditions and behaviours against standards; audits are systematic, independent, documented evaluations of the management system against criteria.
- TRIFR
- Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate = (number of recordable injuries × 1,000,000) divided by total hours worked; a lagging indicator used for benchmarking.
- Behaviour-Based Safety
- Programme that observes and reinforces safe behaviours through feedback and positive reinforcement; it must not replace engineering controls and requires a non-punitive reporting culture.
- Training needs analysis
- Systematic identification of training gaps at organisational, task, and individual levels, used to design competence-based training with defined outcomes and assessment.
- ISO 14001:2015
- Environmental management system standard requiring identification of environmental aspects and impacts, legal obligations, objectives, and emergency preparedness, following the same structure as ISO 45001.
- Waste hierarchy
- Order of waste management from most to least preferred: prevent, reuse, recycle, recover energy, and dispose as a last resort; hazardous waste requires separate handling.
- Conflict of interest
- A financial or personal interest that could influence professional judgement; safety practitioners must disclose it and recuse themselves where necessary.
- Continuing professional development
- Ongoing maintenance and updating of professional knowledge and skills through training, study, and practice; required by professional bodies to maintain competence.