NCAA PPL Air Law flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Chicago Convention Article 1

It states that every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory, forming the legal basis for all national air law.

Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority

The NCAA is Nigeria's civil aviation regulator, established under the Civil Aviation Act, responsible for safety oversight, licensing, certification and enforcement of Nig. CARs.

Nig. CARs Part 2

This part of the Nigerian Civil Aviation Regulations covers personnel licensing, including pilot age limits, medical requirements, experience minima and licence privileges for PPL, CPL and ATPL.

ICAO Standards versus Recommended Practices

Standards are mandatory specifications member states must implement; Recommended Practices are desirable specifications states should endeavour to apply where practicable.

First freedom of the air

The right of an airline of one state to fly over the territory of another state without landing, usually exchanged under the International Air Services Transit Agreement.

Second freedom of the air

The right to land in another state for non-traffic purposes such as refuelling or maintenance, without embarking or disembarking passengers or cargo.

Article 6 Chicago Convention

It provides that scheduled international air services may not operate over or into a state's territory without special permission or authorisation from that state.

Aircraft nationality

Aircraft have the nationality of the state where they are registered; an aircraft cannot be validly registered in more than one state at the same time.

Nigerian registration prefix

Nigerian-registered aircraft carry the nationality mark 5N, followed by a hyphen and a three-letter registration, under Nig. CARs Part 3.

ICAO Annex 2

Annex 2 to the Chicago Convention contains the Rules of the Air, including right-of-way rules, cruising levels, VFR meteorological minima and interception procedures.

ICAO Annex 13

It governs aircraft accident and incident investigation, requiring independent investigation and notification to ICAO and affected states, with prevention as the sole objective.

Right-of-way order

In order of priority: balloon, glider, airship, aircraft towing or refuelling, then all other aircraft; the lower aircraft gives way to the higher.

PPL minimum age

An applicant for a private pilot licence (aeroplane) must be at least 17 years old, while the minimum age for a commercial pilot licence is 18.

PPL flight experience

At least 40 hours total flight time, including 20 hours dual instruction and 10 hours solo, of which 5 hours must be solo cross-country.

PPL privileges

A private pilot may not fly for remuneration or hire and may not act as pilot-in-command in commercial air transport operations.

Ninety-day recency rule

A pilot may not carry passengers as pilot-in-command unless they have made three take-offs and three landings within the preceding 90 days.

Class 1 medical certificate

Required for commercial pilot and airline transport privileges; validity is normally 12 months, reduced to 6 months for holders aged 40 and over.

Class 2 medical certificate

Required for private pilot privileges; normally valid for 24 months, reduced to 12 months for holders aged 40 and over.

Documents carried on board

Certificate of registration, certificate of airworthiness, crew licences, journey logbook, operations manual and radio station licence where applicable.

VFR minima above 3050 m

At or above 3 050 m AMSL: 8 km flight visibility and distance from cloud of 1 500 m horizontally and 300 m vertically.

VFR minima below 3050 m

Below 3 050 m AMSL: 5 km flight visibility and distance from cloud of 1 500 m horizontally and 300 m vertically.

Interception compliance

An intercepted aircraft must immediately follow the intercepting aircraft's instructions, attempt radio contact, and squawk 7700 if able.

Special VFR clearance

A clearance from air traffic control allowing flight within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VFR minima, subject to controller approval.

Semi-circular cruising levels

Above 900 m (3 000 ft) in IFR, tracks 000–179 degrees use odd flight levels and tracks 180–359 degrees use even flight levels.

Prohibited area

Airspace of defined dimensions above a state's land or waters within which flight is forbidden, established on uniform conditions under Article 9.

Restricted area

Airspace within which flight is restricted according to specified conditions, often published in the state's aeronautical information publication.

Air Operator Certificate

A certificate issued by the NCAA authorising an operator to conduct specified commercial air transport operations, under Nig. CARs Part 9 requirements.

Certificate of Airworthiness

A document confirming an aircraft meets its type design and is safe for flight; it must be renewed at the intervals specified in Nig. CARs Part 4.

Accident versus serious incident

An accident involves death, serious injury or substantial aircraft damage; a serious incident is one that nearly caused an accident and must also be investigated.

ICAO Annex 6

It contains standards for the operation of aircraft, covering flight crew, operating limitations, instruments, maintenance and flight documentation for international operations.

AIP Nigeria

The Aeronautical Information Publication is the official document containing permanent aeronautical information essential to air navigation in Nigerian airspace.

Safety Management System

A systematic approach to managing safety, including organisational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures, required for certificate holders under Nig. CARs.