Nigeria Police Exam flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Synonym
- A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word, such as 'begin' and 'start', used to test vocabulary in verbal reasoning.
- Antonym
- A word with the opposite meaning to another word, such as 'hot' and 'cold', often tested by choosing the option that reverses the given word's meaning.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a verb must match its subject in number, so a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb.
- Active vs passive voice
- In active voice the subject performs the action; in passive voice the subject receives it, formed with a form of 'be' plus a past participle.
- Percentage change
- The change in a value expressed as a percentage of the original value, calculated as (new minus old) divided by old, then multiplied by 100.
- Simple interest formula
- Interest calculated only on the principal, given by I equals P times R times T divided by 100, where R is the annual rate and T the time in years.
- Mean, median and mode
- The mean is the sum divided by the count, the median is the middle value of ordered data, and the mode is the most frequently occurring value.
- Speed conversion
- To change a speed in kilometres per hour into metres per second, multiply by 5/18; to reverse it, multiply by 18/5.
- Ratio sharing
- A method of dividing an amount in a given ratio by summing the ratio terms, then multiplying the amount by each term divided by the total.
- Nigerian independence date
- Nigeria gained independence from British colonial rule on 1 October 1960, and became a republic three years later on 1 October 1963.
- ECOWAS
- The Economic Community of West African States, established in 1975 with its headquarters in Abuja, Nigeria, to promote regional economic integration.
- Nigerian capital
- Abuja became Nigeria's capital in 1991, replacing Lagos, and is located within the Federal Capital Territory in the centre of the country.
- Amalgamation of 1914
- The merging of the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria in 1914 under Lord Lugard, which created a single colonial territory.
- Aba Women's Riot
- A 1929 protest by women in eastern Nigeria against direct taxation and the powers of warrant chiefs under British colonial administration.
- Indirect rule
- A colonial system, formalised by Lord Lugard in Northern Nigeria, in which traditional rulers administered local affairs on behalf of the British.
- Separation of powers
- The division of government into executive, legislative and judicial arms, each with distinct functions, so that power is not concentrated in one body.
- Rule of law
- The principle that everyone is equal before the law and no person may be punished except for a clear breach of the law established through due process.
- Federalism
- A system in which power is shared between a central government and regional or state governments, each with constitutionally defined areas of authority.
- Malaria transmission
- Malaria is spread by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito; prevention includes insecticide-treated nets and eliminating stagnant water.
- Photosynthesis
- The process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, occurring in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
- Universal donor
- O-negative blood is called the universal donor for red blood cells because it can be given to patients of any ABO blood group.
- Vaccination
- A method of producing immunity by introducing a weakened or inactivated agent so the immune system forms antibodies without causing the disease.
- Contrapositive
- A logically equivalent restatement of 'if P then Q' as 'if not Q then not P'; unlike the converse, it always preserves the original truth value.
- Modus ponens
- A valid argument form: if P then Q, and P is true, therefore Q must be true; the antecedent affirms the consequent.
- Counterexample
- A single case that shows a general or universal claim to be false, sufficient on its own to disprove that claim in logical reasoning.
- Community policing
- An approach in which police work in partnership with residents to identify and solve local problems, building trust rather than relying only on enforcement.
- Presumption of innocence
- The legal principle that a person accused of a crime is treated as innocent until a competent court proves guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
- Chain of custody
- The documented record of who handled evidence, when and where, used to show it has not been tampered with before being presented in court.
- Proportionate force
- The rule that police may use only the amount of force necessary and reasonable in the circumstances, and no more than the threat justifies.
- Arrest caution
- The warning given to a suspect that they may remain silent and have the right to legal representation, protecting the right against self-incrimination.
- Bail
- The temporary release of a suspect, usually with conditions or surety, pending trial; it is generally a right except in serious or flight-risk cases.
- Search warrant
- A written authorisation from a court permitting police to search specified premises or persons, generally required unless a recognised exception applies.