WAPCP Primary flashcards
WAPCP Primary · Build recall with a focused review session.
31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Beers Criteria
- A list of potentially inappropriate medications for adults 65 and older, flagging drugs whose risks (falls, delirium, bleeding) usually outweigh benefits in this population.
- CHA2DS2-VASc score
- Stroke-risk tool in atrial fibrillation scoring congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, prior stroke, vascular disease, and sex; higher scores favor anticoagulation.
- HAS-BLED score
- Bleeding-risk tool in atrial fibrillation assessing hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history, labile INR, elderly age, and drugs or alcohol.
- Aortic stenosis triad
- Classic symptom cluster of angina, syncope, and exertional dyspnea in severe aortic stenosis; symptom onset signals need for valve replacement evaluation.
- HFrEF quadruple therapy
- Guideline-directed regimen for reduced-ejection-fraction heart failure combining an ARNI or ACE inhibitor/ARB, an evidence-based beta-blocker, an MRA, and an SGLT2 inhibitor.
- Delirium versus dementia
- Delirium is acute, fluctuating, and attention-predominant with an identifiable trigger; dementia is chronic and progressive, so new acute confusion in dementia still means delirium.
- STOP-BANG questionnaire
- Eight-item screen for obstructive sleep apnea covering snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, pressure, BMI, age, neck circumference, and gender; score of 3 or more is positive.
- SIADH laboratory pattern
- Euvolemic hyponatremia with low serum osmolality, inappropriately concentrated urine (osmolality above 100), and urine sodium typically above 40.
- Multifactorial fall assessment
- Evaluation after a positive gait or balance screen that reviews medications, orthostatic vitals, vision, footwear, home hazards, cognition, and neuropathy to target interventions.
- Orthostatic hypotension criteria
- Drop of at least 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic within three minutes of standing; common contributor to falls and syncope in older adults.
- Polypharmacy review
- Structured medication reconciliation that deprescribes drugs without clear indication, duplicative agents, and those causing falls, confusion, or orthostasis in older adults.
- Diastolic heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (50% or higher), often with hypertension and atrial fibrillation; managed with diuretics, SGLT2 inhibitors, and comorbidity control.
- Atypical ACS presentation
- Older adults and people with diabetes may present with dyspnea, fatigue, nausea, or syncope rather than classic chest pain, delaying acute coronary syndrome recognition.
- Urinary retention in elders
- Inability to void, often from medications, prostate enlargement, or constipation; a reversible delirium precipitant requiring bladder scan and prompt decompression.
- Pressure injury staging
- Classification from stage 1 (nonblanchable erythema) through stage 4 (full-thickness tissue loss) plus unstageable and deep-tissue injury categories, guiding wound care.
- Advance care planning
- Process of documenting goals, values, and preferences for future care, including health care proxy designation and code status, ideally before acute incapacity.
- Colorectal cancer screening age
- Average-risk screening starts at 45; colonoscopy every 10 years, annual FIT, or stool DNA every 3 years are accepted options.
- Lung cancer screening criteria
- Annual low-dose CT for adults 50-80 with at least 20 pack-years who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years.
- Cervical cancer screening intervals
- Ages 21-29: cytology every 3 years. Ages 30-65: cytology every 3 years, HPV testing every 5 years, or co-testing every 5 years.
- Mammography screening
- Biennial screening generally offered from ages 40-74 for average-risk women, with individualized shared decision-making about benefits and harms.
- Osteoporosis DXA screening
- Bone density testing for women 65 and older and men 70 and older, or younger adults with risk factors such as glucocorticoid use or prior fragility fracture.
- Prediabetes A1c range
- Hemoglobin A1c of 5.7 to 6.4 percent; diabetes is 6.5 percent or higher, and normal is below 5.7 percent.
- Statin intensity thresholds
- Moderate-to-high intensity statin for 10-year ASCVD risk of 10 percent or more; high-intensity statin when risk reaches 20 percent or more.
- Blood pressure target
- Most adults aim for below 130/80 mmHg, confirmed with out-of-office readings and individualized for frailty, orthostasis, and comorbidity.
- Tdap booster interval
- Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis booster every 10 years; one dose during each pregnancy, preferably at 27-36 weeks gestation.
- Shingles vaccine
- Recombinant zoster vaccine given as two doses for adults 50 and older, and for immunocompromised adults 19 and older, regardless of prior zoster history.
- Pneumococcal vaccination
- Adults 65 and older, or younger adults with risk conditions, receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine with subsequent polysaccharide dosing per current schedule.
- Hepatitis C screening
- Universal one-time antibody screening for adults 18-79, with reflex RNA testing; treat confirmed infection with direct-acting antivirals.
- Tobacco cessation counseling
- Brief intervention using ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange; combine behavioral support with pharmacotherapy such as varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine replacement.
- HPV vaccination
- Routine for ages 11-12; catch-up through 26; shared decision-making ages 27-45; two doses if started before 15, otherwise three.
- FIT screening
- Fecal immunochemical test annually for colorectal cancer screening; a positive result requires colonoscopy, and screening is not appropriate for high-risk patients.