Codes, Standards, and Reference Documents
Start with the adopted code, not the newest book
NICET-style questions often test whether you know which document controls. The adopted building or fire code and local amendments establish the legal requirement; referenced standards supply technical detail in the edition adopted. NFPA 25 is the inspection, testing, and maintenance baseline for water-based systems, while NFPA 13, NFPA 14, and NFPA 20 are primarily installation standards for sprinklers, standpipes, and fire pumps. Manufacturer instructions and the authority having jurisdiction can add requirements. Know the difference between a mandatory 'shall' requirement and explanatory annex material.
Traps
Using the latest edition because it is newer, citing an installation standard for an ITM frequency, overlooking local amendments, treating a recommendation as a mandate, and assuming one standard covers every system. Also watch for questions that ask for the 'minimum' requirement versus good practice.
Worked example / rule of thumb
A jurisdiction adopts the 2018 fire code, which references NFPA 25-2017. The 2023 edition has a changed frequency, but your report must follow the 2017 edition unless the AHJ grants a formal alternative. Rule: identify the adopted edition first, then the referenced standard, then manufacturer instructions and AHJ direction; document the basis for any interpretation.