Norway ATPL Theory flashcards
Norway ATPL Theory · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Class A airspace
- Airspace in which only IFR flights are permitted, all flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from each other.
- Chicago Convention Article 5
- Non-scheduled flights of contracting states have the right to fly over or land for non-traffic purposes without prior permission, subject to state regulations.
- RVSM vertical separation
- Reduced vertical separation minimum of 1000 ft applied between FL290 and FL410 in approved airspace, requiring height-keeping performance and approved equipment.
- Moment calculation
- The product of a mass and its arm measured from the reference datum. Total moment divided by total mass gives the centre of gravity position.
- Maximum zero-fuel mass
- The maximum mass of an aircraft with usable fuel excluded. It limits structural loading of the wing root before fuel is added for the flight.
- Balanced field length
- The runway length at which the accelerate-stop distance equals the accelerate-go distance to 35 ft with one engine inoperative, giving the lowest V1.
- V1 decision speed
- The speed at which an engine failure allows either a stop within the accelerate-stop distance or a continued take-off to 35 ft at V2.
- Final reserve fuel
- Fuel required to hold for 30 minutes at 1500 ft above the destination aerodrome at holding speed, calculated for turbine-powered aeroplanes.
- Equal time point
- The point on track where the time to fly to either of two alternates is equal, computed from wind component and distance to each.
- Specific range
- The distance flown per unit of fuel consumed, obtained by dividing true airspeed by fuel flow. It is maximised at the optimum cruise altitude.
- Time of useful consciousness
- The period after loss of cabin pressure during which a person can perform useful tasks before incapacitation. At FL350 it is about 30 to 60 seconds.
- Somatogravic illusion
- A false sensation of climbing during forward acceleration, caused by the otoliths responding to linear acceleration as if it were a pitch change.
- Circadian rhythm period
- The internal body clock cycle of about 24.2 hours, entrained by daylight. Desynchronisation after rapid eastward travel causes jet lag.
- QNH altimeter setting
- The pressure reduced to mean sea level. With QNH set, the altimeter indicates aerodrome elevation when the aircraft is on the ground.
- Tropopause height
- The boundary between troposphere and stratosphere, about 55 000 ft over the equator and 25 000 ft over the poles, where the jet stream is found.
- Freezing rain icing
- Supercooled large droplets that freeze on impact and can exceed the protection of certified anti-ice systems. It requires immediate avoidance.
- Convergency formula
- Change of longitude multiplied by the sine of the mean latitude gives the convergence of meridians, used to correct headings on Lambert conformal charts.
- One-in-sixty rule
- A one degree track error over 60 nautical miles produces a one nautical mile offset. Offset equals distance times error divided by 60.
- Magnetic variation east
- Variation east means magnetic north lies east of true north, so magnetic heading equals true heading minus easterly variation.
- DME slant range error
- DME measures line-of-sight distance, not ground distance. Directly overhead at 30 000 ft the indication is about 3 nm too large.
- ILS glide path angle
- The standard descent angle of 3 degrees, giving about 300 ft of height per nautical mile. It is transmitted on 329.15 to 335.00 MHz.
- RAIM prediction
- Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring checks whether enough satellites are available to detect a faulty signal, required for GNSS approaches.
- Engine failure after V1
- Memory actions: maintain directional control, pitch to V2, retract gear, identify and confirm the failed engine, then clean up and follow the checklist.
- Emergency squawk codes
- Three special SSR codes: 7700 for general emergency, 7600 for radio communication failure and 7500 for unlawful interference.
- Approach ban
- A rule preventing an approach when the reported RVR or visibility is below the applicable minimum at the outer marker or final approach fix.
- Load factor in a turn
- The ratio of lift to weight, equal to one divided by the cosine of the bank angle. At 60 degrees it is 2.
- Critical angle of attack
- The angle at which airflow separates from the wing and lift decreases. It is constant regardless of mass, speed or bank angle.
- Induced drag formula
- Induced drag coefficient equals lift coefficient squared divided by pi times aspect ratio times Oswald efficiency, so it falls as speed rises.
- 8.33 kHz channel spacing
- VHF spacing that triples the number of channels in the 118 to 137 MHz band. Channel names use three digits after the decimal.
- MAYDAY distress call
- The international radiotelephony distress signal, spoken three times, used when an aircraft is threatened by serious or imminent danger.
- Pitot-static blockage
- A blocked pitot tube with open static port causes the airspeed indicator to behave like an altimeter, rising in a climb and falling in a descent.
- TCAS II resolution advisory
- A vertical manoeuvre command issued to both conflicting aircraft, coordinated so that one climbs and the other descends to increase separation.