Hazard perception and defensive driving
Hazard perception and defensive driving test whether you notice risk early and create options. The exam presents ordinary Norwegian roads-crests, parked cars, buses, cyclists, snow banks and wildlife-and asks what you should have seen and done.
Scanning pattern
Look far ahead for the first sign of trouble, then near for surface and lane position, and check mirrors and blind spots before changing speed or direction. At junctions, look for vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians, not only traffic lights. On rural roads, scan verges for deer, moose and reindeer, especially at dawn and dusk.
Defensive choices
Assume other road users may make mistakes. Cover the brake near school gates, bus stops and parked cars. Leave an escape route and avoid being boxed in. If a driver tailgates, increase the gap ahead so you can brake gently rather than suddenly.
Worked example
You pass a row of parked cars and see a ball roll into the road. You brake early and stop before the first car rather than swerving. A child may follow the ball. Your early speed reduction gives time to check the mirrors and choose a safe stop without entering the oncoming lane.
Traps
Do not stare at the hazard and ignore the rest of the scene. Do not overtake when the view is closing at a crest or bend. Do not assume a vehicle indicating will turn; wait for evidence. A quiet road can still hide a cyclist in a blind spot.