Nepal Lok Sewa Education Service Officer flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Classical conditioning

Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone elicits a conditioned response; Pavlov's dogs illustrate the process.

Zone of proximal development

Vygotsky's gap between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can do with assistance; scaffolding targets tasks within this range.

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's stage from about ages 7 to 11, when children handle conservation, classification, and seriation but struggle with abstract hypothetical reasoning.

Herbartian lesson steps

Preparation, presentation, association or comparison, generalization, and application; a structured teacher-directed lesson sequence.

Project method

Kilpatrick's purposeful learning activity with stages of purposing, planning, executing, and judging; it emphasizes student initiative and real products.

Microteaching

A scaled-down teaching episode focused on one skill, followed by feedback and re-teaching in a plan–teach–feedback–replan cycle.

Cooperative learning

Small heterogeneous groups with positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills, and group processing.

Wait time

A pause of about three to five seconds after asking a question; it increases response length, participation, and higher-order thinking.

Inquiry-based learning

Learners investigate questions through data gathering and reasoning; the teacher facilitates rather than supplies final answers.

Tyler rationale

A curriculum model with four questions: objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing experiences, and evaluation.

Spiral curriculum

Bruner's design that revisits key concepts at increasing levels of complexity across grade levels.

Intended, implemented, achieved

Three curriculum levels: what is planned, what teachers actually deliver, and what students actually learn.

SMART objectives

Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound; used for planning and monitoring school activities.

School Improvement Plan

A school-level document identifying priorities, activities, resources, timelines, responsibilities, and monitoring indicators for improvement.

SWOT analysis

A planning tool that examines internal strengths and weaknesses plus external opportunities and threats.

Article 31 education right

The Constitution of Nepal 2072 guarantees access to basic education, free and compulsory basic education, and free secondary education.

Education Act 2028

Nepal's principal school education law, enacted in 1971; it governs school establishment, management, and related matters.

Basic education Nepal

The school level covering grades 1–8, with early childhood education before grade 1; the constitution makes it free and compulsory.

Formative assessment

Ongoing assessment used to give feedback and adjust teaching; it is contrasted with summative assessment at the end of learning.

Validity

The extent to which an assessment measures the intended construct and supports the intended interpretation and use of scores.

Item difficulty

The proportion of examinees answering an item correctly; very high or very low values reduce discrimination.

Standard deviation

The square root of the average squared deviation from the mean; it expresses spread in the original units.

Correlation coefficient

A statistic r from −1 to +1 showing the direction and strength of linear association; it does not establish causation.

Type I error

Rejecting a true null hypothesis; its probability equals alpha, commonly set at .05.

Nepal area and capital

Nepal covers 147,516 square kilometres; its capital is Kathmandu, and it is a federal democratic republic.

Local units count

Nepal has 753 local units: 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, and 460 rural municipalities.

Federal Parliament

Nepal's bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives of 275 members and a National Assembly of 59 members.

Everest height

Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) is 8,848.86 metres above sea level, confirmed by the 2020 Nepal–China joint survey.

Good governance principles

Accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, responsiveness, equity, and efficiency guide public administration.

Citizen charter

A public office document listing services, required documents, fees, time limits, and responsible officials.

Right to information

Citizens may request public information; public bodies must disclose proactively and respond within legal time limits.

CIAA

The Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority; a constitutional anti-corruption body investigating abuse of office.