NEB Class 12 Physics study plan

Derive and apply the equations of uniformly accelerated motion to solve numerical problems on projectile motion and relative velocity.

State and apply Newton's laws of motion to analyze systems with pulleys, inclines, and friction, drawing free-body diagrams.

Define work, energy, and power, and solve problems using the work-energy theorem and conservation of mechanical energy.

Explain the concept of moment of inertia and apply the parallel and perpendicular axis theorems to compute it for standard bodies.

Apply the principles of conservation of linear momentum and impulse to collision problems (elastic and inelastic).

Derive and use the expression for gravitational potential energy and orbital velocity, and solve problems on satellite motion and escape velocity.

Describe simple harmonic motion (SHM) and derive the expressions for displacement, velocity, and acceleration; solve problems involving springs and pendulums.

Analyze fluid statics and dynamics using Bernoulli's principle and equation of continuity, and solve numerical problems.

State and apply the first law of thermodynamics to isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric processes, and compute work done.

Explain the second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, and calculate the efficiency of a Carnot engine.

Describe the kinetic theory of gases, derive the expression for pressure, and interpret the degrees of freedom and specific heats of gases.

Solve problems involving thermal expansion, calorimetry, and heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation).

Explain the concept of entropy and its significance, and solve problems on heat engines and refrigerators.

Describe the wave nature of light and apply Huygens' principle to reflection and refraction.

Derive the conditions for interference and diffraction, and solve problems using Young's double-slit experiment and diffraction grating.

Explain polarization and apply Malus's law to solve numerical problems.

Apply the lens maker's formula and mirror equation to solve problems on image formation by lenses and mirrors.

Explain total internal reflection and its applications, and solve problems involving critical angle and optical fibers.

Describe the working of optical instruments (microscope, telescope) and calculate their magnifying powers.

Solve problems on the dispersion of light and the electromagnetic spectrum.

State and apply Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, and electric potential to solve problems on electric fields and potentials of point charges and continuous distributions.

Explain the working of capacitors, derive the energy stored, and solve problems on series and parallel combinations with dielectrics.

Apply Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's rules, and the Wheatstone bridge to solve circuit problems.

Describe the magnetic effects of current, apply Biot-Savart law and Ampere's law, and solve problems on force on moving charges and current-carrying conductors.

Explain electromagnetic induction, apply Faraday's and Lenz's laws, and solve problems on self and mutual induction.

Describe the photoelectric effect, derive Einstein's photoelectric equation, and solve numerical problems.

Explain the dual nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, and the Davisson-Germer experiment.

Describe the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, derive the energy levels, and solve problems on atomic spectra.

Describe the composition and properties of the nucleus, explain mass defect and binding energy, and solve problems on nuclear stability.

Explain radioactivity, derive the radioactive decay law, and solve problems on half-life and activity.

Describe nuclear fission and fusion, and explain the working of a nuclear reactor.

Explain the formation of energy bands in solids, classify conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, and describe the working of diodes and transistors.

Apply logic gates and solve problems on truth tables and simple combinational circuits.