Health and Environment
Health system
Service delivery runs from federal hospitals through provincial and district hospitals to local-level health posts, urban health centres and community units. Female Community Health Volunteers link households to immunisation, family planning and maternal care. Immunisation schedule: BCG and OPV at birth, pentavalent at 6, 10 and 14 weeks, measles–rubella at 9 and 15 months. Health insurance and free basic health services are standing policy commitments.
Environment
Nepal's emissions are negligible but climate vulnerability is high: glacial retreat, glacial lake outburst floods, landslides, floods and droughts. Protected areas include 12 national parks, one wildlife reserve, six conservation areas and one hunting reserve; Nepal has 10 Ramsar sites. The Environment Protection Act 2076 governs IEE and EIA thresholds; solid waste, air quality and water pollution recur in papers.
Worked example
A man weighs 60 kg and is 1.60 m tall. Classify his BMI. BMI = 60 ÷ (1.60)² = 60 ÷ 2.56 = 23.4. On WHO cut-offs this is normal (18.5–24.9); on South Asian cut-offs overweight starts at 23, so he is borderline. Show the arithmetic and state which cut-off you applied.
Traps
- Reciting immunisation ages loosely; pentavalent weeks are fixed at 6, 10, 14.
- Claiming Nepal is a major emitter; the expected answer is negligible emitter, high vulnerability.
- Confusing IEE (smaller projects) with EIA (larger, decided at higher level).
- Treating dengue as water-borne; it is vector-borne (Aedes mosquito).