REPA flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- ISO 14001
- International standard specifying requirements for an environmental management system, enabling organizations to develop and implement policy and objectives that consider legal and other requirements.
- PDCA cycle
- Plan-Do-Check-Act iterative process used by ISO 14001: Plan (establish objectives), Do (implement), Check (monitor and measure), Act (improve).
- Documented information
- Information required to be controlled and maintained by the organization, including procedures and records; replaces terms 'documents' and 'records' in ISO 14001:2015.
- Environmental policy
- Top management's formal statement of commitments to environmental protection, compliance obligations, and continual improvement, providing framework for objectives.
- Compliance obligations
- Legal requirements that an organization must comply with and other requirements to which it subscribes, such as permits, industry standards, or agreements.
- Clean Water Act
- US federal law regulating discharges of pollutants into waters of the United States, establishing NPDES permit program and water quality standards.
- RCRA
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: US law governing hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste from generation to disposal, including cradle-to-grave tracking.
- CERCLA
- Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act: US law addressing release of hazardous substances, establishing Superfund and liability for cleanup costs.
- EPCRA
- Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act: US law requiring emergency planning, reporting of hazardous substances, and Toxics Release Inventory reporting.
- Audit scope
- The extent and boundaries of an audit, including organizational units, activities, products, services, locations, and time period covered.
- Audit criteria
- Set of requirements used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared, such as ISO 14001, legal requirements, or internal procedures.
- Audit plan
- Document describing audit objectives, scope, criteria, schedule, locations, team, and methods; used to guide audit execution.
- Risk-based audit planning
- Approach that allocates audit resources and attention based on environmental risks, compliance status, changes, and previous audit results.
- Opening meeting
- Formal meeting at audit start to confirm scope, objectives, criteria, schedule, roles, and communication arrangements with auditee.
- Audit evidence
- Records, statements of fact, or other verifiable information relevant to audit criteria; must be objective and recorded.
- Nonconformity
- Non-fulfillment of a requirement; may be classified as major (systemic failure) or minor (isolated lapse) based on impact and risk.
- Audit sampling
- Selecting a representative subset of data or activities to evaluate conformity; sample size and method should consider risk and variability.
- Interview technique
- Method of gathering evidence through asking open-ended questions, listening actively, and cross-checking responses with records and observations.
- Site walkthrough
- Physical inspection of facilities to observe operations, conditions, and practices, verifying implementation of environmental controls.
- Audit report
- Document presenting audit objectives, scope, criteria, findings, conclusions, and recommendations; must be factual and clear.
- Corrective action
- Action taken to eliminate the cause of a nonconformity and prevent recurrence; includes root cause analysis and verification of effectiveness.
- Follow-up audit
- Verification activity to confirm that corrective actions have been implemented and are effective, often after a specified period.
- Root cause analysis
- Process to identify underlying reasons for a nonconformity, using techniques such as 5 Whys or fishbone diagram, to prevent recurrence.
- Environmental aspect
- Element of an organization's activities, products, or services that interacts or can interact with the environment, such as emissions or waste generation.
- Environmental impact
- Change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from environmental aspects, such as air pollution or habitat restoration.
- Significance determination
- Process of evaluating environmental aspects using criteria such as severity, likelihood, regulatory requirements, and environmental sensitivity to identify significant aspects.
- Lifecycle perspective
- Consideration of environmental aspects from raw material acquisition through end-of-life disposal, including design, production, transport, use, and recycling.
- Pollution prevention hierarchy
- Preferred order of waste management: source reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery, treatment, and disposal as last resort.
- Environmental performance indicator
- Metric used to measure and evaluate an organization's environmental performance against objectives, such as energy use per unit of production.
- Monitoring and measurement
- Systematic process of collecting data on environmental performance, including calibration of equipment and documentation of procedures.
- Auditor competence
- Combination of education, training, experience, and personal attributes necessary to conduct audits effectively and ethically.
- Auditor ethics
- Principles including integrity, confidentiality, independence, and fair presentation that guide auditor conduct and decision-making.