MAP Growth Math flashcards
MAP Growth Math · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Slope formula
- The slope of a line through two points equals the change in y divided by the change in x, often written (y2 − y1)/(x2 − x1).
- Perpendicular lines
- Two lines that meet at a right angle. Their slopes are negative reciprocals, so the product of the two slopes equals negative one.
- Pythagorean theorem
- In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a squared plus b squared equals c squared.
- Circle area and circumference
- Area equals pi times the radius squared. Circumference equals two times pi times the radius, or pi times the diameter.
- Percent change
- Subtract the original value from the new value, divide by the original value, then multiply by 100 to express the change as a percent.
- Probability of an event
- The number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of equally likely outcomes. The complement's probability is one minus the event's probability.
- Negative exponent rule
- A base raised to a negative exponent equals the reciprocal of that base raised to the positive version of the exponent, as in x to the negative n.
- Order of operations
- Evaluate parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.
- Main idea
- The central point a passage makes about its topic. Supporting details explain or illustrate it but do not replace it as the overall message.
- Theme versus topic
- A topic is a word or phrase naming the subject. A theme is a full-sentence message about life or human nature conveyed by the text.
- Third-person omniscient point of view
- A narrator outside the story who knows the thoughts, feelings, and actions of all characters, using pronouns such as he, she, and they.
- Making an inference
- Drawing a conclusion not stated directly by combining explicit evidence from the text with the reader's prior knowledge and experience.
- Author's purpose
- The reason a text was written, commonly to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain. The purpose shapes which details and tone the author chooses.
- Compare and contrast structure
- A text organization that shows similarities and differences between two or more subjects, often signaled by words like both, unlike, similarly, and however.
- Fact versus opinion
- A fact can be verified with evidence. An opinion expresses a judgment or feeling and often includes words such as best, should, or beautiful.
- Context clues
- Hints in surrounding sentences that reveal an unknown word's meaning, including definition, example, synonym, antonym, and general inference clues.
- Comma splice
- An error joining two independent clauses with only a comma. Fix it with a period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Phrases between them do not change the verb's number.
- Active versus passive voice
- In active voice the subject performs the action. In passive voice the subject receives it, usually with a form of be plus a past participle.
- Parallel structure
- Items in a list, series, or comparison share the same grammatical form, such as all gerunds, all infinitives, or all past-tense verbs.
- Its versus it's
- Its without an apostrophe is possessive, meaning belonging to it. It's with an apostrophe is the contraction of it is or it has.
- Pronoun-antecedent agreement
- A pronoun must match its antecedent in number and gender, so a singular noun takes a singular pronoun such as he, she, or it.
- Connotation
- The emotional or cultural association a word carries beyond its literal meaning, which can make two synonyms feel positive, negative, or neutral.
- Sentence fragment
- A group of words punctuated as a sentence but missing a subject, a predicate, or a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone.
- Water cycle stages
- Evaporation turns water into vapor, condensation forms clouds, precipitation returns water to the surface, and collection gathers it in bodies of water.
- Photosynthesis inputs and outputs
- Plants use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to produce glucose and release oxygen. Cellular respiration reverses this, releasing energy from glucose.
- Food chain energy flow
- Producers capture sunlight, consumers eat producers or other consumers, and only a fraction of energy passes to each higher level, so pyramids narrow.
- Newton's second law
- Force equals mass times acceleration. A larger net force produces greater acceleration, and a larger mass produces less acceleration for the same force.
- Speed versus velocity
- Speed is distance divided by time and has no direction. Velocity is speed in a stated direction, so a change in direction changes velocity.
- States of matter
- Solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids have fixed volume but take container shape, and gases fill their container. Heating increases particle motion.
- Inherited versus learned traits
- Inherited traits are encoded in genes passed from parents. Learned behaviors are acquired through experience and are not encoded in DNA.
- Controlled experiment variables
- The independent variable is changed by the experimenter, the dependent variable is measured, and all other conditions are held constant for a fair test.