NYS Grade 5 Science flashcards
NYS Grade 5 Science · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space. All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter.
- Physical change
- A change in size, shape, or state of matter that does not change the substance into a different substance. Examples: melting ice, tearing paper.
- Chemical change
- A change that produces one or more new substances with different properties. Examples: burning wood, rusting iron, baking a cake.
- Evaporation
- The process by which a liquid changes into a gas, usually when heated. It is part of the water cycle and is driven by energy from the Sun.
- Condensation
- The process by which a gas changes into a liquid when cooled. In the water cycle, water vapor condenses to form clouds and fog.
- Precipitation
- Water that falls from clouds to Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. It is a key part of the water cycle.
- Ecosystem
- A community of living organisms interacting with each other and with their nonliving environment (air, water, soil, sunlight).
- Producer
- An organism that makes its own food using energy from the Sun (photosynthesis). Plants and algae are examples of producers.
- Consumer
- An organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms to get energy. Animals, fungi, and some bacteria are consumers.
- Decomposer
- An organism that breaks down dead plants and animals and recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem. Examples: fungi and bacteria.
- Food chain
- A series of organisms in which each is eaten by the next, showing the flow of energy from producers to consumers. Arrows show energy direction.
- Food web
- A network of interconnected food chains that shows the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.
- Fossil
- The preserved remains or traces of a once-living organism, usually found in sedimentary rock. Fossils give evidence of past life and environments.
- Sedimentary rock
- Rock formed from layers of sediment (sand, mud, shells) that are pressed and cemented together over time. Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock.
- Erosion
- The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another. It is a destructive force.
- Weathering
- The breaking down of rocks and other materials on Earth's surface by physical, chemical, or biological processes. It is a destructive force.
- Deposition
- The process by which eroded materials are dropped or laid down in a new location. It is a constructive force that builds up landforms like deltas.
- Constructive force
- A process that builds up or creates new landforms, such as deposition, volcanic eruptions, or uplift of Earth's crust.
- Destructive force
- A process that wears away or breaks down landforms, such as weathering, erosion, or mass wasting (landslides).
- Water cycle
- The continuous movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.
- Rotation
- The spinning of Earth on its axis, which takes about 24 hours and causes day and night.
- Revolution
- The movement of Earth around the Sun, which takes about 365 days (one year) and, with Earth's tilt, causes the seasons.
- Axis tilt
- Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees from vertical. This tilt, combined with revolution, causes the seasons.
- Sun
- The star at the center of our solar system. It provides light and heat energy that drive weather, the water cycle, and life on Earth.
- Moon phases
- The changing appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth due to its revolution around Earth and the relative positions of Earth, Moon, and Sun.
- Solar system
- The Sun and all the objects that orbit it, including eight planets, their moons, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets.
- Property
- A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured, such as color, density, hardness, or magnetism.
- Density
- The amount of mass in a given volume of a substance (density = mass/volume). It helps identify materials and explains floating and sinking.
- Magnetism
- A property of certain materials (like iron) that causes them to attract or repel other magnetic materials. It can be used to separate mixtures.
- Mixture
- A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means (e.g., filtering, evaporation).
- Solution
- A type of mixture in which one substance dissolves evenly in another, such as salt in water. It cannot be separated by filtering.
- Conservation of matter
- The principle that matter is not created or destroyed in ordinary physical and chemical changes; it only changes form.