NYSTCE 117 flashcards
NYSTCE 117 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- FAPE
- Free Appropriate Public Education: special education and related services provided at public expense, meeting state standards, and conforming to the student's IEP.
- Least Restrictive Environment
- The requirement that students with disabilities be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate, with removal only when supplementary aids and services cannot achieve satisfactory results.
- IEP
- Individualized Education Program: a written document for each eligible student that includes present levels, measurable annual goals, services, accommodations, and progress reporting.
- Functional Behavioral Assessment
- A systematic process to identify the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences that maintain a behavior, used to design a behavior intervention plan.
- Response to Intervention
- A tiered framework of increasingly intensive, evidence-based instruction and progress monitoring used to identify and support students with learning difficulties.
- Manifestation Determination
- A review conducted when a disciplinary removal exceeds 10 school days to determine whether the behavior was caused by or directly related to the student's disability.
- Universal Design for Learning
- An instructional planning framework providing multiple means of representation, engagement, and action/expression to support diverse learners.
- Assistive Technology
- Any device or service that increases, maintains, or improves the functional capabilities of a student with a disability; consideration is required for every IEP.
- Co-Teaching Models
- Collaborative arrangements including one teach/one assist, station teaching, parallel teaching, alternative teaching, and team teaching.
- Curriculum-Based Measurement
- Brief, standardized probes administered frequently to monitor student progress and inform instructional decisions.
- Accommodation Versus Modification
- Accommodations change how a student accesses content without altering expectations; modifications change what is taught or the performance criteria.
- Progress Monitoring
- The frequent collection and graphing of student performance data to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction and adjust interventions.
- Explicit Instruction
- A structured teaching approach with modeling, guided practice, independent practice, and immediate corrective feedback.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary supports, such as prompts or models, that are gradually removed as students gain competence, following a gradual release of responsibility.
- Differentiation
- Adapting content, process, product, and environment based on student readiness, interests, and learning profiles.
- Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
- A tiered framework of universal, targeted, and intensive behavioral supports designed to improve student behavior and outcomes.
- Reinforcement
- A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior; positive reinforcement adds a stimulus while negative reinforcement removes one.
- Transition Planning
- Coordinated activities and services designed to help students with disabilities move from school to postsecondary education, employment, and independent living.
- Self-Determination
- The skills and attitudes that enable students to set goals, make choices, and advocate for themselves in educational and adult settings.
- Section 504
- A federal law prohibiting discrimination based on disability in programs receiving federal funds, requiring reasonable accommodations for eligible students.
- Due Process
- Procedural safeguards that allow families and schools to resolve disputes over identification, evaluation, placement, or services through mediation or hearings.
- Related Services
- Supportive services such as speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, counseling, and transportation required for a student to benefit from special education.
- Specific Learning Disability
- A disorder in basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, manifesting as unexpected academic underachievement not explained by other factors.
- Emotional Disturbance
- A condition characterized by inability to learn not explained by other factors, relationship problems, inappropriate behavior, unhappiness, or physical symptoms and fears.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- A developmental disability affecting social communication and behavior, with restricted or repetitive patterns that require individualized supports.
- Intellectual Disability
- Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior originating before age 18 that affect educational performance.
- Phonological Awareness
- The ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of spoken language, including syllables, rhymes, and phonemes, foundational for reading.
- Concrete-Representational-Abstract
- A mathematics instructional sequence moving from manipulatives to visual representations to abstract symbols to build conceptual understanding.
- Culturally Responsive Assessment
- Evaluation practices that account for cultural and linguistic factors, use multiple measures, and reduce bias in identification.
- Disproportionality
- The overrepresentation or underrepresentation of particular racial or ethnic groups in special education identification and placement.
- Mandated Reporting
- The legal obligation of educators to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities according to state law.
- FERPA
- The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, which protects the confidentiality of student education records and governs access and disclosure.