NYSTCE FCS (072) flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Erikson's first stage

Trust versus mistrust, occurring in infancy; caregivers who consistently meet needs foster secure attachment, while inconsistent care may produce mistrust that shapes later relationships.

Authoritative parenting style

High warmth combined with high, clearly communicated expectations. Children tend to show better self-regulation, social competence, and academic outcomes than under authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved styles.

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's stage roughly ages seven to eleven, when children gain conservation, classification, and reversible thinking but still reason about tangible rather than abstract concepts.

Family life cycle launching stage

The stage when children leave home and parents renegotiate roles and finances; it often coincides with midlife reevaluation and caregiving for aging grandparents.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next-best alternative given up when a choice is made; a core consumer decision-making concept used to compare trade-offs in spending and saving.

Compound interest

Interest calculated on both principal and previously earned interest; over time it accelerates growth of savings and increases the true cost of revolving credit.

Fixed versus variable expenses

Fixed expenses stay constant, such as rent or insurance premiums; variable expenses fluctuate, such as groceries or utilities. Spending plans separate them to forecast cash flow.

Truth in Lending Act

Federal law requiring creditors to disclose finance charges, annual percentage rate, and total payment terms so consumers can compare credit offers on a standard basis.

Implied warranty of merchantability

An unwritten guarantee that goods will do what they are normally expected to do; it applies automatically to most consumer sales unless properly disclaimed.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A five-level model ordering physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs; lower needs generally must be met before higher ones motivate behavior.

Macronutrient energy values

Carbohydrate and protein each supply about 4 kilocalories per gram, while fat supplies about 9 kilocalories per gram; alcohol supplies about 7 kilocalories per gram.

Six classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The first three supply energy; vitamins, minerals, and water support regulation and body functions without directly providing calories.

Temperature danger zone

The range from 40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit in which bacteria multiply rapidly; perishable food should not remain in this range for more than two hours.

Four steps to food safety

Clean, separate, cook, and chill: wash hands and surfaces, avoid cross-contamination, cook to safe internal temperatures, and refrigerate promptly at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or below.

Safe poultry internal temperature

Poultry, including whole birds and stuffing, should reach 165 degrees Fahrenheit; ground meats reach 160, and whole cuts of beef or pork reach 145 with a rest time.

MyPlate food groups

Fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, and dairy. The visual guide suggests half the plate as fruits and vegetables and emphasizes whole grains and lean proteins.

Empty-calorie foods

Foods supplying energy from added sugars or solid fats with few vitamins, minerals, or fiber; dietary guidance recommends limiting them to support nutrient adequacy.

Natural versus synthetic fibers

Natural fibers come from plants or animals, such as cotton, linen, wool, and silk; synthetic fibers are manufactured polymers, such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic.

Fiber care label information

Care labels must state washing method, water temperature, drying, ironing, and bleaching instructions; following them preserves fabric performance and prevents shrinkage or damage.

Elements of design

Line, form, space, texture, and color. These building blocks of visual composition are arranged using the principles of design in interiors and apparel.

Principles of design

Balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and unity. They describe how design elements are combined to create harmonious, functional environments and garments.

FCCLA purpose

Family, Career and Community Leaders of America is the Career and Technical Student Organization for family and consumer sciences, promoting leadership, service, and career preparation.

STAR Events

FCCLA's competitive events program in which members demonstrate knowledge and skills in FCS content areas through individual or team projects and presentations.

Consumer decision-making process

Identify the need, gather information, evaluate alternatives, make the purchase, and evaluate the outcome; used to teach reasoned consumer choices.

Gross versus net income

Gross income is total earnings before deductions; net income is take-home pay after taxes and other withholdings and is the basis for a spending plan.

Inflation and purchasing power

Inflation is a general rise in prices that reduces the purchasing power of money over time, so savings must earn returns exceeding inflation to preserve real value.

Credit report versus credit score

A credit report is a detailed record of borrowing and payment history; a credit score is a numerical summary derived from that report, commonly the FICO score.

Foodborne pathogens to know

Common causes of foodborne illness include Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, Campylobacter, and Norovirus; prevention relies on proper cooking, cooling, and hygiene.

Cross-contamination prevention

Use separate cutting boards and utensils for raw meat and ready-to-eat foods, and wash hands and surfaces to stop pathogens from spreading between foods.

Sustainability in housing

Housing decisions consider energy efficiency, durable materials, water conservation, and indoor air quality to reduce environmental impact and long-term costs.

Employability skills

Transferable skills such as communication, teamwork, problem solving, time management, and professionalism that FCS programs build through work-based learning experiences.

Family functions

Families perform economic, emotional, socialization, and protective functions; understanding these helps teachers connect content to real household needs.

Design thinking in FCS

A problem-solving approach using empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing; applied to projects such as meal planning, budgeting, or interior redesign.