NYSTCE 060 flashcards
NYSTCE 060 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Free Appropriate Public Education
- Special education and related services provided at public expense, under public supervision, meeting state standards, and delivered in conformity with the student's IEP at no cost to parents.
- Least Restrictive Environment
- The IDEA requirement that students with disabilities be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate, with removal only when supplementary aids and services cannot make the regular class satisfactory.
- Procedural Safeguards
- The legal rights given to parents under IDEA, including prior written notice, consent, record access, independent evaluation, mediation, and due process hearings to resolve disputes with the district.
- Child Find
- The IDEA mandate that districts actively identify, locate, and evaluate all children residing in the district who may need special education, including students enrolled in private schools.
- Section 504
- A provision of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 barring disability discrimination in federally funded programs; eligibility is broader than IDEA and is addressed through accommodations in a 504 plan.
- Rowley Standard
- The 1982 Supreme Court ruling that FAPE requires personalized instruction and support yielding some educational benefit, not the maximum benefit the student could achieve.
- Thirteen Disability Categories
- IDEA's eligibility list: autism, deaf-blindness, deafness, emotional disturbance, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, specific learning disability, speech or language impairment, traumatic brain injury, and visual impairment.
- Zero Reject Principle
- The IDEA principle that no student with a disability may be excluded from a public education regardless of the nature or severity of the disability.
- Standard Score
- A transformed score used on most norm-referenced tests, with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15; roughly 68 percent of the norm group falls between 85 and 115.
- Standard Error of Measurement
- An index of the inconsistency in a test score, used to construct a confidence interval showing the range within which a student's true score probably falls.
- Reliability
- The consistency or stability of test scores across repeated administrations, alternate forms, or different raters; it is necessary but not sufficient for validity.
- Validity
- The degree to which a test measures the construct it claims to measure and supports the specific inferences and educational decisions for which it is used.
- Percentile Rank
- The percentage of students in the norm group who scored at or below a given score; it is not the percentage of items the student answered correctly.
- Response to Intervention
- A multi-tiered framework of increasingly intensive, research-based instruction with frequent progress monitoring, used to identify students who may require special education evaluation.
- Functional Behavioral Assessment
- A systematic process using observation, interviews, and record review to identify the antecedents, consequences, and function of a problem behavior before a behavior intervention plan is written.
- Adaptive Behavior
- The conceptual, social, and practical skills a person needs for everyday independent functioning; deficits in adaptive behavior, along with low IQ, are required to identify intellectual disability.
- Universal Design for Learning
- An instructional planning framework that supplies multiple means of representation, multiple means of engagement, and multiple means of action and expression so diverse learners can access the same curriculum.
- Accommodation versus Modification
- An accommodation changes how a student accesses content or shows learning, such as extended time; a modification changes what is taught or the expected performance standard.
- Task Analysis
- Breaking a complex skill into smaller, sequenced steps that can be taught, modeled, and reinforced one at a time, often paired with forward or backward chaining.
- Explicit Instruction
- A teacher-directed sequence of modeling the skill, guiding practice with corrective feedback, and supervising independent practice, with frequent checks for understanding throughout.
- Five Reading Components
- Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, the essential elements of effective reading instruction identified by the National Reading Panel.
- Token Economy
- A structured reinforcement system in which students earn tokens for demonstrating target behaviors and exchange accumulated tokens for backup reinforcers or privileges.
- Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
- A tiered, schoolwide framework that prevents problem behavior by teaching expectations, reinforcing appropriate behavior, and using data to adjust interventions across tiers.
- Six Co-Teaching Models
- One teach/one observe, one teach/one assist, station teaching, parallel teaching, alternative teaching, and team teaching, each distributing teacher roles and student grouping differently.
- Manifestation Determination Review
- A team meeting held within 10 school days of a disciplinary change of placement to decide whether the behavior was caused by or directly related to the student's disability.
- IEP Team Membership
- The parent, a general education teacher, a special education teacher, a district representative, someone able to interpret evaluation results, related service providers, and the student when appropriate.
- Prior Written Notice
- Written notice the district must give before proposing or refusing to change a student's identification, evaluation, placement, or provision of a free appropriate public education.
- Resolution Session
- A meeting that must be convened within 15 days of a parent's due process complaint, before a hearing occurs, unless both parties waive it in writing.
- Interim Alternative Educational Setting
- A temporary placement of up to 45 school days ordered for weapons, illegal drugs, or serious bodily injury, regardless of whether the behavior was a manifestation of the disability.
- Related Services
- Supportive services such as speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, counseling, and transportation that are required for a student to benefit from special education.
- FERPA
- The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, which lets parents inspect and review education records and restricts disclosure of personally identifiable student information without consent.
- Paraprofessional Role
- A support staff member who delivers instruction and assistance under the supervision of certified teachers and does not design programs, write IEPs, or make placement decisions.