NYSTCE Technology Education flashcards
NYSTCE Technology Education · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Technological literacy
- Ability to understand, use, manage, and evaluate technology; includes knowledge, critical thinking, decision making, and hands-on capability.
- Universal systems model
- Inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback within a system; helps analyze how technological systems transform resources to meet needs.
- Technology
- Human-designed artifacts, processes, systems, and knowledge used to modify the natural world to meet needs and wants.
- Invention versus innovation
- Invention creates a new idea or device; innovation applies it successfully in practice or markets, often through diffusion.
- Seven technological resources
- People, information, materials, tools and machines, energy, capital, and time; resources consumed or transformed by technological systems.
- Planned obsolescence
- Design strategy that limits product life or appeal so consumers replace items sooner, raising turnover and waste concerns.
- Digital divide
- Gap between groups in access to, skill with, and beneficial use of digital technologies and resulting outcomes.
- Life-cycle assessment
- Cradle-to-grave analysis of a product's environmental impacts from material extraction, production, use, and disposal or recycling.
- Sustainability
- Meeting present needs without compromising future generations by balancing three dimensions: environmental, social, and economic.
- Innovation adoption curve
- Diffusion pattern: innovators, early adopters, early and late majorities, laggards; describes how innovations spread through a population.
- Engineering design process
- Iterative cycle: define problem, research, specify criteria and constraints, generate ideas, prototype, test, evaluate, and communicate.
- Criteria and constraints
- Criteria are desired performance goals; constraints are limits such as budget, time, materials, safety, or regulations.
- Decision matrix
- Weighted table scoring alternatives against criteria; multiply each rating by its weight and sum to compare designs transparently.
- Prototype
- Working model used to test concepts or features; may be physical, virtual, or scaled before final production.
- Factor of safety
- Ratio of material strength to expected working stress; higher values indicate more margin against failure.
- Reverse engineering
- Disassembling and analyzing an existing product to understand its design, function, materials, and manufacturing methods.
- Feedback
- System output returned to adjust future input or process; enables closed-loop control and reduces error.
- Mechanical advantage
- Ratio of output force to input force in a machine; can trade force for distance or speed.
- Ohm's law
- Voltage equals current times resistance (V = IR); used to analyze electrical circuits and component behavior.
- Gear ratio
- Driven gear teeth divided by driving gear teeth; sets speed and torque relationship between shafts.
- Pascal's principle
- Pressure applied to a confined fluid transmits equally in all directions, enabling hydraulic force multiplication.
- Efficiency
- Useful output energy divided by total input energy, expressed as a percentage; losses appear as heat, sound, or friction.
- Backward design
- Plan curriculum by identifying desired results, acceptable evidence, then learning experiences and instruction aligned to standards.
- Project-based learning
- Instruction organized around extended real-world projects requiring student inquiry, design, collaboration, and presentation of solutions.
- Universal Design for Learning
- Framework offering multiple means of engagement, representation, and action/expression to support diverse learners by reducing barriers.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing checks during instruction used to adjust teaching and provide feedback; low stakes and learning-focused.
- Differentiated instruction
- Adjusting content, process, product, or environment based on readiness, interests, and learning profiles to meet learner needs.
- Summative assessment
- Evaluation after instruction to judge achievement against standards, often graded and used for reporting or placement.
- Analytic rubric
- Scoring guide that evaluates separate criteria with descriptors and performance levels, providing detailed feedback and consistency.
- Hierarchy of controls
- Safety priority: eliminate or substitute the hazard, use engineering controls, administrative controls, then personal protective equipment.
- Safety Data Sheet
- Standard document required for hazardous chemicals, listing hazards, safe handling, first aid, storage, and emergency procedures.
- Lockout/tagout
- Procedure isolating hazardous energy sources before maintenance to prevent unexpected startup, release, or injury.