NZ LCQ flashcards
NZ LCQ · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cadastral Survey Act 2002
- Statute establishing the Surveyor-General as regulator of cadastral surveying, requiring licensing and compliance with cadastral survey rules and standards in New Zealand.
- Surveyor-General role
- Statutory officer under the Cadastral Survey Act who sets standards, audits cadastral surveys, and maintains the integrity of the New Zealand cadastre.
- Land Transfer Act 2017
- Act governing the Torrens register, indefeasibility of title, and registration of interests; it replaced the 1952 Act and clarifies boundary and title records.
- Section 224(c) certificate
- Resource Management Act certificate confirming subdivision consent conditions are met; required before a survey plan can be deposited under the Land Transfer Act.
- Cadastral Survey Rules 2021
- Surveyor-General's rules specifying accuracy classes, CSD content, plan format, and mark standards for cadastral surveys in New Zealand.
- CSD definition
- Cadastral Survey Dataset: the digital package of plan, coordinates, vectors, and mark records submitted to Landonline for validation and deposit.
- Accuracy class
- Prescribed tolerance for boundary coordinates, expressed at 95% confidence; urban boundaries generally require tighter classes than rural boundaries under CSR 2021.
- Witness mark
- Survey mark placed away from a boundary corner to preserve evidence of the corner position where the corner mark is unstable, inaccessible, or likely to be disturbed.
- Original boundary rule
- Principle that the boundary is fixed by the original survey and marks; later surveys reinstate rather than relocate it.
- Boundary reinstatement
- Process of restoring the original boundary position using original marks, plan measurements, and reliable evidence when marks are missing or disturbed.
- Ambulatory boundary
- Boundary along a natural feature such as a river or lake that moves with gradual natural change, but not with sudden avulsion.
- Occupation evidence
- Physical use of land, such as fences and buildings, that supports boundary location but does not override a correctly marked original boundary.
- Indefeasibility
- Torrens principle that a registered proprietor's title is conclusive against unregistered interests, subject to statutory exceptions and fraud.
- Deposited plan
- Survey plan deposited under the Land Transfer Act that defines parcels and boundaries; it governs the spatial extent of title.
- Unit title plan
- Plan under the Unit Titles Act defining principal units, accessory units, and common property, including vertical boundaries and unit entitlements.
- NZGD2000
- Official New Zealand geodetic datum; cadastral coordinates are expressed in this datum, commonly projected to NZTM2000 for plans.
- NZTM2000
- New Zealand Transverse Mercator projection used for cadastral coordinates; requires scale factor and convergence corrections for accurate bearings and distances.
- Least squares adjustment
- Statistical method distributing misclosure across redundant observations to produce the most probable coordinates and reliability estimates.
- Sea-level reduction
- Correction reducing measured ground distances to a common reference surface, applied with projection scale factor in geodetic computations.
- Field notes
- Contemporaneous record of observations, instruments, marks, and conditions; legal evidence that must be retained and not overwritten.
- Landonline validation
- Automated check of a CSD for format, datum, and rule compliance before deposit; errors must be resolved before submission.
- Quality assurance checks
- Independent verification of closures, areas, and boundary consistency against adjacent parcels before certifying and submitting a survey.
- Code of Conduct
- Professional standards requiring integrity, competence, confidentiality, and disclosure of conflicts for licensed cadastral surveyors.
- Continuing professional development
- Ongoing learning required to maintain competence and licence currency for licensed cadastral surveyors in New Zealand.
- Conflict of interest
- Situation where personal or financial interests could compromise professional judgement; must be disclosed and managed or the engagement declined.
- Te Ture Whenua Maori Act
- 1993 Act governing Maori land, with the Maori Land Court having jurisdiction over status, title, partitions, and related survey matters.
- Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act
- 2014 Act protecting archaeological sites; an authority is required before modifying or destroying a site, and accidental discoveries must be reported.
- Treaty principles
- Partnership, participation, and protection principles informing Crown and local authority decisions affecting Maori land and cultural heritage.
- Subdivision consent
- Resource consent under the RMA authorising subdivision; the survey plan must reflect approved conditions before deposit.
- Esplanade reserve
- Reserve required on subdivision near water under the RMA; its position and width must be accurately surveyed and shown on the plan.
- Professional indemnity insurance
- Insurance covering negligence claims against a surveying practice; policy exclusions and run-off cover should be checked.
- Contract essentials
- Offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations; written engagement terms reduce dispute risk for surveying services.