Understanding what influences our own and others' movements
What this domain tests
This domain asks you to explain the factors that shape your own and others' movement and participation. You need to consider multiple levels of influence-individual, interpersonal, community and societal-and avoid blaming individuals for barriers they do not control.
Core rules and concepts
- The socio-ecological model: individual (confidence, skill, health), interpersonal (whānau, peers, coaches), community (facilities, transport, cost, safety) and societal (gender norms, media, policy, cultural values).
- Cultural and social factors: Te Whare Tapa Whā reminds us that wellbeing includes taha tinana, taha hinengaro, taha whānau and taha wairua; participation can be influenced by all four.
- Economic and environmental factors: equipment cost, fees, accessible facilities, weather, and urban or rural location.
- Attitudes and values: stereotypes, inclusion, fair play and diversity affect who feels welcome in movement.
Worked example
A student rarely joins after-school sport. At the individual level, they lack confidence after previous criticism. At the interpersonal level, their whānau cannot provide transport. At the community level, the only club is expensive and the changing rooms are not accessible. At the societal level, media portrayals suggest the sport is "not for" their gender. The reasoning: each factor is placed at a level, and the explanation avoids saying the student is "lazy". A solution could target transport, cost or a welcoming team culture.
Traps
- Giving a single-cause explanation ("they don't like sport").
- Using deficit language that blames the individual.
- Ignoring cultural, economic or accessibility factors.
- Discussing only others and not reflecting on your own influences.