NCEA L1 Social Studies flashcards
NCEA L1 Social Studies · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Social inquiry
- A structured process of focusing a question, gathering and evaluating evidence, analysing with social science concepts, and presenting reasoned conclusions with a personal response.
- Culture
- The shared beliefs, values, customs, language, arts and way of life of a group, learned and passed on rather than inherited biologically.
- Cultural change
- A shift in the beliefs, practices or institutions of a group, often caused by migration, technology, trade, war, religion, media or government policy.
- Cultural contact
- Interaction between two previously separate cultural groups, which can produce exchange, adaptation, conflict or loss for one or both groups.
- Perspective
- The viewpoint a person or group holds because of their position, values and experiences; explaining perspectives requires reasons, not just opinions.
- Tangata whenua
- Māori term meaning the people of the land, referring to the indigenous group with ancestral and customary authority over a particular area.
- Treaty of Waitangi
- Signed in 1840 between the British Crown and Māori chiefs; its three articles address governance, guaranteed rangatiratanga, and equal citizenship rights.
- Rangatiratanga
- Māori chiefly authority and self-determination; Article Two of the Treaty of Waitangi guarantees rangatiratanga over lands, villages and taonga.
- Taonga
- Māori term for treasured possessions and resources, including land, water, language and cultural knowledge, protected under Article Two of the Treaty.
- Cause and effect
- A social science concept linking actions or events to their consequences, requiring explanation of how one factor produced a particular outcome.
- Continuity and change
- A paired concept: continuity is what stays the same over time, change is what differs; strong analysis explains both rather than assuming total change.
- Migration
- The movement of people between places, which reshapes both the migrant community and the receiving society through cultural, economic and social effects.
- Urbanisation
- The growth of city populations relative to rural areas, often driving changes in work, housing, family structure and cultural life.
- Globalisation
- Increasing interconnection of economies, cultures and communication across borders, producing both cultural exchange and concerns about homogenisation.
- Primary source
- Evidence produced at the time by someone involved, such as letters, photographs, interviews or official records; it still requires checking for bias.
- Secondary source
- An account created later that interprets or summarises primary evidence, such as textbooks, documentaries or histories; its reliability depends on its sources.
- Source reliability
- How trustworthy a source is for a given question, judged by authorship, purpose, date, bias and whether other sources corroborate it.
- Bias
- A slant in evidence caused by the author's position, purpose or values; it does not automatically make a source useless if identified and explained.
- Corroboration
- Checking whether two or more independent sources agree, which strengthens confidence in a claim; disagreement signals a need for further inquiry.
- Social justice
- Fairness in how rights, opportunities and resources are distributed in society, addressing disadvantage rather than merely treating everyone identically.
- Human rights
- Entitlements held by all people regardless of status, set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and later international agreements.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Adopted by the United Nations in 1948, it lists 30 articles setting out civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights for all people.
- Equality versus equity
- Equality gives everyone the same treatment; equity gives different support so outcomes can be fairer, a key distinction in social justice analysis.
- Power and authority
- Power is the ability to influence or compel; authority is power accepted as legitimate, such as that held by a government, court or elected body.
- Rights and responsibilities
- Rights are entitlements protected by law or custom; responsibilities are the duties that come with them, such as respecting others' rights.
- Sustainability
- Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs, applied to environmental, economic and social systems.
- Community
- A group connected by place, interest, identity or shared institutions, whose members interact and share some expectations and values.
- Identity
- How a person or group understands itself, shaped by culture, language, history, place and relationships with others.
- Conflict and cooperation
- A paired concept describing how groups compete over interests or resources versus working together; most real situations contain both at once.
- Stakeholder
- A person or group with an interest in or affected by a decision, such as residents, councils, businesses or iwi; inquiries must consider several.
- Justified conclusion
- A judgement supported by evidence and reasoning, acknowledging limitations and counter-evidence rather than simply restating an opinion.
- Personal response
- A reasoned statement of the student's own position on the inquiry, linked to the evidence gathered and to social science concepts.