OAE Family and Consumer Sciences (022) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Piaget sensorimotor stage

Birth to about age 2, when infants learn through senses and motor actions. Object permanence-knowing objects exist when unseen-develops during this stage.

Erikson trust versus mistrust

The first psychosocial crisis, occurring in infancy. Consistent, responsive caregiving builds trust; inconsistent care fosters mistrust and insecurity in later relationships.

Family systems theory

A framework viewing the family as an interdependent system with roles, boundaries, rules, and feedback loops, so a change in one member affects every member.

Family life cycle stages

Predictable phases from launching through later life, each with distinct developmental tasks, role changes, and resource demands that shape family functioning and consumer needs.

Authoritative parenting style

High warmth combined with high expectations and clear limits. Children tend to show better self-regulation and social competence than those raised with authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved styles.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next best alternative given up when a choice is made. It is central to consumer decision making and resource allocation.

Fixed versus variable expenses

Fixed expenses stay roughly constant (rent, insurance); variable expenses fluctuate (food, utilities). Budgets must plan for both, plus irregular costs.

APR and compounding

Annual percentage rate expresses credit cost per year. Compounding means interest accrues on unpaid interest, so balances grow faster than simple interest predicts.

Truth in Lending Act

A federal consumer protection law requiring lenders to disclose credit terms, including APR and finance charges, so borrowers can compare costs.

Fair Credit Reporting Act

A federal law governing credit bureaus, giving consumers rights to access, dispute, and correct information in their credit reports.

Risk pooling and insurance

Insurance spreads risk across many policyholders; premiums reflect expected losses. Deductibles and coinsurance shift some cost to the insured.

Six classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrate and protein supply 4 kcal per gram, fat 9 kcal per gram, water none.

Nutrient density

The amount of nutrients provided relative to calories. Foods high in nutrients and low in added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium are more nutrient dense.

Temperature danger zone

The range from 40°F to 140°F, where bacteria multiply rapidly. Perishable foods should be kept out of this range to prevent foodborne illness.

HACCP principles

A seven-principle food safety system: hazard analysis, critical control points, limits, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping.

Cross-contamination prevention

Separate raw meats from ready-to-eat foods, use distinct cutting boards, wash hands and surfaces, and store raw meat below other foods.

Fiber classification

Fibers are natural (cotton, wool, silk, linen) or manufactured (polyester, nylon, rayon). Natural fibers are often staple; manufactured fibers are often filament.

Woven versus knit fabrics

Woven fabrics interlace warp and weft yarns and resist stretching; knits interlock loops and stretch. Construction affects drape, durability, and fit.

Design elements and principles

Elements are line, shape, form, space, color, texture. Principles include balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and unity, applied to apparel and interiors.

Care label content

Care labels state washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, and warning instructions. Following them protects fabric performance and consumer satisfaction.

Universal design

Designing environments usable by people of all ages and abilities without adaptation, through equitable use, flexibility, simple use, and low physical effort.

Housing needs versus wants

Needs include shelter, safety, and basic utilities; wants include amenities like extra space. Budget and life stage shape the balance.

Color schemes

Monochromatic uses one hue; analogous uses adjacent hues; complementary uses opposite hues; triadic uses three evenly spaced hues on the color wheel.

Maslow hierarchy

Needs ordered from physiological and safety through belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Lower needs generally must be met before higher ones motivate.

Kohlberg moral development

Moral reasoning moves from preconventional (rewards/punishment) to conventional (social approval/rules) to postconventional (abstract principles) levels.

Developmental milestones

Age-linked skills in motor, language, cognitive, and social domains. Delays warrant observation and referral rather than labeling.

Nutrition label serving size

Serving size on labels is standardized, not a recommendation. Calories and nutrients listed apply per serving, so multiply by servings consumed.

MyPlate guidance

A visual model dividing a plate into vegetables, fruits, grains, and protein, with dairy alongside, emphasizing proportion, variety, and moderation.

Foodborne illness causes

Common agents include Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and norovirus. Undercooking, poor hygiene, and improper holding temperatures are frequent causes.

Consumer decision-making process

Steps: recognize need, search information, evaluate alternatives, purchase, and evaluate post-purchase. Each step can be influenced by marketing and peers.

SMART goals

Goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Used in FCS education to plan personal, financial, and wellness changes.

Formative versus summative assessment

Formative assessment monitors learning during instruction; summative assessment evaluates learning at the end. FCS projects often blend both.