OAE Health (023) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Health education definition

A planned combination of learning experiences based on sound theory that gives individuals, groups, and communities the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions.

Health Belief Model

A behavior theory predicting action from perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers, plus cues to action and self-efficacy; perceived barriers usually predict behavior most strongly.

Transtheoretical model stages

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Interventions match stage, using consciousness raising early and stimulus control during action and maintenance.

PRECEDE-PROCEED

A planning framework that diagnoses predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors before designing interventions, then evaluates process, impact, and outcome in sequence.

Informed consent

Voluntary agreement to participate after receiving understandable information about purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and the right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

Certification versus licensure

Certification is a voluntary, time-limited credential earned by examination and maintained through continuing education; licensure is a mandatory legal credential granted by a government body.

Levels of prevention

Primary prevents disease onset, secondary detects disease early through screening, and tertiary limits disability and restores function after disease is established.

Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is the proportion of people with disease correctly identified as positive; specificity is the proportion without disease correctly identified as negative.

Ecological model levels

Influences are nested at intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy levels; multi-level interventions are more sustainable than single-level programs.

Ottawa Charter actions

Five health promotion actions: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, and reorient health services.

Acceptable macronutrient ranges

For adults, 45-65% of calories from carbohydrate, 20-35% from fat, and 10-35% from protein, with emphasis on nutrient-dense food choices.

Body mass index formula

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Adult categories: under 18.5 underweight, 18.5-24.9 healthy, 25.0-29.9 overweight, 30.0 and above obesity.

Adult physical activity guidelines

150-300 minutes weekly of moderate aerobic activity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity, plus muscle-strengthening exercise on two or more days each week.

Energy balance rule

About 3,500 kilocalories equal one pound of body weight, so a daily deficit of roughly 500 kilocalories predicts about one pound of loss per week.

General adaptation syndrome

Selye's three-stage stress response: alarm with fight-or-flight arousal, resistance with sustained coping, and exhaustion when adaptive resources are depleted and illness risk rises.

Eustress versus distress

Eustress is positive, motivating stress that improves performance; distress is negative stress perceived as exceeding a person's coping resources and impairing functioning.

Progressive muscle relaxation

A technique of sequentially tensing and then releasing muscle groups while attending to the contrast, which lowers sympathetic arousal and reduces physical tension.

Standard drink equivalents

In the United States: 12 ounces of regular beer at about 5% alcohol, 5 ounces of wine at about 12%, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits at about 40%.

Naloxone

An opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression; it has no effect on overdose from alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other non-opioid depressants.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

The leading preventable cause of intellectual disability, causing facial dysmorphology, growth restriction, and learning and behavioral problems after prenatal alcohol exposure.

Harm reduction

Policies and programs that reduce the consequences of substance use, such as syringe services and naloxone distribution, without requiring abstinence as a precondition.

Erikson identity versus role confusion

The adolescent psychosocial crisis in which the task is forming a coherent sense of self; failure to resolve it contributes to uncertainty about roles and future direction.

Piaget concrete operational stage

Ages roughly 7 to 11, when children gain conservation, reversibility, and classification and can reason logically about concrete objects but not abstract hypotheticals.

Long-acting reversible contraception

Implants and intrauterine devices that prevent pregnancy for months to years, with typical-use failure rates under 1% per year because they do not depend on user adherence.

Puberty onset ranges

Typically begins between ages 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, driven by estrogen and testosterone, with girls generally starting growth spurts earlier.

Haddon matrix

An injury prevention framework crossing host, agent or vehicle, and physical and social environment with pre-event, event, and post-event phases to identify intervention points.

Adult bystander CPR

Chest compressions at 100-120 per minute, at least 2 inches deep with full recoil, with a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30 to 2 for one or two rescuers.

Infant choking response

For a conscious infant under 1 year, give five back slaps alternating with five chest thrusts; abdominal thrusts are not used because of risk of organ injury.

National Health Education Standards

Eight standards covering concepts, analyzing influences, accessing valid information, communication, decision making, goal setting, practicing healthy behaviors, and advocacy.

Backward design

A three-stage planning process: identify desired results, determine acceptable evidence of learning, then design learning experiences and instruction aligned with both.

Formative versus summative

Formative assessment monitors learning during instruction to guide teaching adjustments; summative assessment judges achievement at the end of a unit or course.

Validity versus reliability

Validity is the extent to which an assessment measures its intended construct; reliability is consistency of scores. A test can be reliable but invalid, never valid but unreliable.