OAE School Counselor (040) flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the range between a learner's independent performance and performance achievable with scaffolding from a more capable peer or adult; instruction targets this range.

Industry versus Inferiority

Erikson's psychosocial stage of roughly ages 6 to 12, in which children seek competence through work and peer comparison; repeated failure or criticism can produce feelings of inadequacy.

Identity versus Role Confusion

Erikson's adolescent stage in which the central task is forming a coherent sense of self through exploration of values, roles, and peer groups; failure results in uncertainty about who one is.

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's stage from about ages 7 to 11, marked by conservation, classification, and reversible thinking about tangible objects; abstract hypothetical reasoning is not yet reliably present.

Kohlberg Conventional Level

Kohlberg's second moral level, in which judgments are based on conforming to social expectations, pleasing others, and maintaining law and order rather than on consequences or universal principles.

Self-Efficacy

Bandura's construct describing a person's belief in their capability to succeed at a specific task; it influences effort, persistence, and willingness to attempt difficult work.

ASCA National Model Components

The four components of the ASCA National Model are Define, Manage, Deliver, and Assess; together they structure program foundation, service delivery, management tools, and accountability.

Closing the Gap Action Plan

A targeted plan that identifies a measurable disparity in achievement, attendance, or discipline, states baseline data and a goal, and describes the interventions intended to close it.

Direct Versus Indirect Services

Direct services involve the counselor working with students, such as lessons, groups, and individual counseling; indirect services are performed on students' behalf, such as consultation, referral, and collaboration.

Advisory Council

A representative group including students, families, teachers, administrators, and community members that reviews program goals, data, and priorities and advises the school counseling program.

Use-of-Time Analysis

A management tool that logs how counselor hours are distributed across activities, revealing time spent on non-counseling duties that could be reassigned to protect direct services.

Results Report

An accountability document presenting pre- and post-intervention data, the intervention used, and the measured outcome, demonstrating the effect of a counseling activity on student outcomes.

Solution-Focused Scaling

A technique asking students to rate their situation on a scale of 1 to 10 and identify what a one-point improvement would look like, focusing on achievable next steps.

Confidentiality Limits

The exceptions to counseling confidentiality that must be disclosed in advance: danger to self, danger to others, suspected abuse or neglect, and compliance with a court order.

Reality Therapy Four Questions

Glasser's questions: What do you want? What are you doing? Is it working? What is your plan? They direct attention to present behavior and a committed action plan.

Suicide Risk Assessment Steps

Ask directly about ideation, plan, means, and intent; keep the student supervised; notify administration and guardians per protocol; document; and refer for further evaluation.

Group Stages

The developmental sequence of counseling groups: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning; screening and orientation reduce disruption during the storming stage.

Unconditional Positive Regard

A person-centered condition in which the counselor consistently accepts the student as worthwhile regardless of behavior, separating acceptance of the person from judgment of specific actions.

Holland RIASEC Types

Holland's six vocational personality types are Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional; congruence with the work environment predicts job satisfaction.

Super's Life-Span Theory

Super proposed that career development unfolds across growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline stages, with the self-concept implemented through occupational roles over the lifespan.

Circumscription and Compromise

Gottfredson's theory that children progressively eliminate occupational options based on gender, then social prestige, then interests, often sacrificing interest to preserve acceptable prestige and sex-role fit.

Individual Learning Plan

A personalized document outlining a student's course sequence, postsecondary goals, and career interests, reviewed annually with the counselor to ensure graduation and transition requirements are met.

Career Interest Inventory Limits

Interest inventories measure expressed preferences relative to a norm group; they suggest exploration directions and do not predict success, so results must be paired with achievement and values data.

Triadic Consultation

A model in which the counselor consults with a teacher or parent to change the student's environment or behavior; the counselor's direct responsibility is to the consultee, not the student's treatment.

Behavioral Consultation

A consultation model using functional analysis of antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to design environmental and reinforcement changes that the consultee implements with the student.

Release of Information

Written, signed authorization specifying the recipient, purpose, and time limit for disclosing student records or counseling information; verbal consent does not satisfy FERPA requirements.

504 Versus IEP Teams

A 504 team determines disability plus accommodations for access; an IEP team determines special education eligibility and individualized services; the counselor contributes data to both.

Process Perception Outcome Data

The three program data types: process data count activities delivered, perception data measure attitudes or knowledge, and outcome data show changes in attendance, grades, or discipline.

Percent Change Formula

Percent change equals the new value minus the old value, divided by the old value, times 100; used to report gap closure from baseline to post-intervention.

Reliability Versus Validity

Reliability is the consistency of scores across occasions or items; validity is whether an instrument measures what it claims for a given use; reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity.

FERPA Eligible Student

Under FERPA, a student becomes eligible at age 18 or upon entering postsecondary education, at which point rights to inspect and consent to disclosure of records transfer to the student.

Mandated Reporting Duty

A legal obligation to report reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect to the designated agency within the state's time limit, without investigating or notifying the alleged perpetrator first.

Sole-Possession Notes

Counseling notes kept in the sole possession of the maker, used only as a memory aid, and not shared; they fall outside FERPA's education record definition but remain legally discoverable.