Defensive Tactics and Officer Safety
Mindset and distance
Most defensive-tactics failures begin before hands-on. Use an interview stance: bladed body, hands above the waist, clear escape route. Maintain reaction distance; the 21-foot rule is a training concept about time and closure, not a legal rule. Watch hands, eyes, and weight shifts. Never let a subject get between you and the exit.
Control principles
- Two guards for a handcuffing if possible; one controls, one covers.
- Control the arm at the wrist and elbow; apply a joint lock slowly and only to overcome resistance.
- Handcuff behind the back, double-lock, and check for tightness. Handcuffing is a use of force and needs legal authority.
- After restraint, do not keep pressure on the back or chest. Move the subject to a seated or recovery position and monitor breathing. Positional asphyxia can kill.
- Wear gloves; treat all blood and body fluids as infectious.
Worked example
A trespasser pulls away when escorted. The guard does not tackle. He steps back, gives a final verbal direction, waits for a second guard, and then uses a wrist lock and controlled descent. Once cuffed, the guard sits the person up, checks circulation, and calls police. The force is documented.
Traps
Going hands-on to show authority; handcuffing without arrest or detention authority; leaving a prone subject face-down; ignoring I can't breathe; working alone when backup is available.