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OST Grade 4 Math study materials
OST Grade 4 Math study resources

OST Grade 4 Math practice questions

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Question 1Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A class has 6 rows of chairs with 8 chairs in each row. Which expression shows the total number of chairs?

  1. 6 × 8 Correct answer.
  2. 8 ÷ 6
  3. 8 − 6
  4. 6 + 8

Explanation

Equal groups are combined with multiplication: 6 equal rows of 8 chairs means 6 groups of 8, written 6 × 8. Addition would only combine the two numbers once, not repeat 8 six times.

Question 2Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which equation correctly shows 7 × 4 = 28 rewritten as a division fact?

  1. 28 ÷ 4 = 7
  2. 28 ÷ 7 = 4 Correct answer.
  3. 7 ÷ 28 = 4
  4. 4 ÷ 28 = 7

Explanation

Every multiplication fact with three numbers yields two division facts: the product divided by either factor equals the other factor. Since 7 × 4 = 28, both 28 ÷ 7 = 4 and 28 ÷ 4 = 7 are true.

Question 3Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Marcus has 4 bags with 9 marbles in each bag. He gives away 6 marbles. Which expression tells how many marbles he has left?

  1. (4 × 9) − 6 Correct answer.
  2. 4 + 9 − 6
  3. 4 × (9 − 6)
  4. (4 + 9) × 6

Explanation

First find the total marbles as 4 × 9, then subtract the 6 given away, so the expression is (4 × 9) − 6. The multiplication must be done before the subtraction.

Question 4Operations and Algebraic Thinking

What is the value of 36 ÷ 6?

  1. 5
  2. 6 Correct answer.
  3. 7
  4. 8

Explanation

Division asks how many groups of 6 fit into 36. Since 6 × 6 = 36, the quotient is 6.

Question 5Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which number is a multiple of 4?

  1. 14
  2. 24 Correct answer.
  3. 18
  4. 22

Explanation

A multiple of 4 is the result of multiplying 4 by a whole number. Since 4 × 6 = 24, the number 24 is a multiple of 4.

Question 6Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which number is a factor of 24?

  1. 8 Correct answer.
  2. 7
  3. 9
  4. 5

Explanation

A factor divides a number with no remainder. Since 24 ÷ 8 = 3 exactly, 8 is a factor of 24.

Question 7Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which statement about the number 11 is true?

  1. It is composite because it has two digits.
  2. It is prime because its only factors are 1 and 11. Correct answer.
  3. It is prime because it ends in 1.
  4. It is composite because it is odd.

Explanation

A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. The number 11 cannot be divided evenly by any whole number other than 1 and 11, so it is prime.

Question 8Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern starts at 3 and adds 6 each time: 3, 9, 15, 21, ... What is the next number?

  1. 28
  2. 27 Correct answer.
  3. 24
  4. 25

Explanation

The rule is to add 6 to the previous term. Adding 6 to 21 gives 27, which continues the pattern.

Question 9Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Evaluate (18 + 6) ÷ 4.

  1. 6 Correct answer.
  2. 12
  3. 8
  4. 9

Explanation

Operations inside parentheses are done first: 18 + 6 = 24. Then divide: 24 ÷ 4 = 6.

Question 10Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A theater has 7 rows with 12 seats in each row. How many seats are in the theater?

  1. 94
  2. 19
  3. 84 Correct answer.
  4. 72

Explanation

The total is the number of rows times the seats per row: 7 × 12. Breaking 12 into 10 + 2 gives 70 + 14 = 84.

Question 11Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A baker packs 96 cookies equally into 8 boxes. How many cookies are in each box?

  1. 12 Correct answer.
  2. 11
  3. 14
  4. 10

Explanation

Dividing the total by the number of boxes gives the number in each box: 96 ÷ 8 = 12, since 8 × 12 = 96.

Question 12Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number has exactly these factors: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16. Which statement describes the number?

  1. It is composite. Correct answer.
  2. It is neither prime nor composite.
  3. It is a multiple of 5.
  4. It is prime.

Explanation

A composite number has more than two factors. This number has five factors (1, 2, 4, 8, 16), so it is composite.

Question 13Operations and Algebraic Thinking

What is the greatest common factor of 12 and 18?

  1. 9
  2. 3
  3. 2
  4. 6 Correct answer.

Explanation

List the factors of each number: 12 has 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12; 18 has 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18. The greatest factor they share is 6.

Question 14Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which pair of numbers has a least common multiple of 12?

  1. 6 and 8
  2. 4 and 6
  3. 2 and 6
  4. 3 and 4 Correct answer.

Explanation

Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, ... and multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, ... The smallest number in both lists is 12.

Question 15Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A rule says: multiply by 3, then subtract 2. What is the output when the input is 7?

  1. 17
  2. 15
  3. 19 Correct answer.
  4. 21

Explanation

Apply the rule in order: 7 × 3 = 21, then 21 − 2 = 19. The output is 19.

Question 16Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern begins 2, 6, 18, 54, ... Which rule describes the pattern?

  1. Add 4 each time.
  2. Multiply by 3 each time. Correct answer.
  3. Multiply by 2 each time.
  4. Add 12 each time.

Explanation

Check consecutive terms: 2 × 3 = 6, 6 × 3 = 18, and 18 × 3 = 54. Each term is three times the previous term.

Question 17Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Evaluate 5 + 3 × 4.

  1. 27
  2. 17 Correct answer.
  3. 20
  4. 32

Explanation

Multiplication is done before addition. First 3 × 4 = 12, then 5 + 12 = 17.

Question 18Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A school orders 5 boxes of pencils with 24 pencils in each box. The pencils are shared equally among 8 classrooms. How many pencils does each classroom receive?

  1. 18
  2. 12
  3. 16
  4. 15 Correct answer.

Explanation

First find the total pencils: 5 × 24 = 120. Then divide among 8 classrooms: 120 ÷ 8 = 15 pencils each.

Question 19Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression has the same value as 6 × (3 + 5)?

  1. 6 × 3 + 6 × 5 Correct answer.
  2. 6 + 3 × 5
  3. 6 × 8 + 6
  4. 6 × 3 + 5

Explanation

The distributive property lets you multiply each addend separately: 6 × (3 + 5) = 6 × 3 + 6 × 5. Both sides equal 48.

Question 20Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number is a multiple of both 6 and 8. What is the smallest such number greater than 0?

  1. 32
  2. 24 Correct answer.
  3. 48
  4. 14

Explanation

The smallest common multiple is the least common multiple. Multiples of 6 include 6, 12, 18, 24; multiples of 8 include 8, 16, 24. The first shared value is 24.

Question 21Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Evaluate 48 ÷ (2 + 4) × 3.

  1. 24 Correct answer.
  2. 6
  3. 72
  4. 8

Explanation

Do the parentheses first: 2 + 4 = 6. Then work left to right: 48 ÷ 6 = 8, and 8 × 3 = 24.

Question 22Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number machine uses the rule: output = 4 × input + 3. What input gives an output of 31?

  1. 8
  2. 7 Correct answer.
  3. 9
  4. 10

Explanation

Work backward from the output: subtract 3 to get 28, then divide by 4 to get 7. Checking: 4 × 7 + 3 = 31.

Question 23Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number is composite and less than 20. It is a multiple of 3 and also a multiple of 4. What is the number?

  1. 12 Correct answer.
  2. 18
  3. 8
  4. 16

Explanation

Multiples of 3 under 20 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18; multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16. The only number in both lists is 12, and it is composite.

Question 24Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern starts at 1 and doubles each time: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ... Which term is the first to be greater than 100?

  1. The 8th term Correct answer.
  2. The 6th term
  3. The 7th term
  4. The 9th term

Explanation

Continue doubling: term 6 is 32, term 7 is 64, term 8 is 128. The first term greater than 100 is the 8th term.

Question 25Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Evaluate 3 × (10 − 4) + 36 ÷ 6.

  1. 18
  2. 30
  3. 42
  4. 24 Correct answer.

Explanation

Parentheses first: 10 − 4 = 6. Then multiply and divide: 3 × 6 = 18 and 36 ÷ 6 = 6. Finally add: 18 + 6 = 24.

Question 26Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which number is prime?

  1. 21
  2. 33
  3. 27
  4. 29 Correct answer.

Explanation

A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. The number 29 is not divisible by 2, 3, or 5, and no factor between 2 and 5 divides it, so its only factors are 1 and 29. The other choices are all odd multiples of 3, so each has more than two factors.

Question 27Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number machine follows the rule: output = input × 5 − 4. What is the output when the input is 9?

  1. 45
  2. 36
  3. 49
  4. 41 Correct answer.

Explanation

Substitute 9 into the rule: 9 × 5 = 45, then 45 − 4 = 41. Multiplication is done before the subtraction because the rule multiplies first. So the output is 41.

Question 28Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which expression has a value of 36?

  1. 6 × (3 + 4)
  2. 6 + 3 × 4
  3. (6 + 3) × 4 Correct answer.
  4. 6 × 3 + 4

Explanation

Parentheses are evaluated first, so (6 + 3) × 4 = 9 × 4 = 36. In the other expressions the multiplication and addition combine to different totals. Order of operations decides which operation is done first.

Question 29Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A list of multiples of 4 begins 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, ... Which number below is a multiple of 4?

  1. 38
  2. 42
  3. 34
  4. 44 Correct answer.

Explanation

A multiple of 4 can be written as 4 times a whole number, and 44 = 4 × 11. Another check is that the last two digits, 44, form a number divisible by 4. The other choices leave a remainder when divided by 4.

Question 30Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Evaluate 24 ÷ (3 + 3) + 7 × 2.

  1. 18 Correct answer.
  2. 11
  3. 26
  4. 14

Explanation

First evaluate the parentheses: 3 + 3 = 6. Then divide and multiply: 24 ÷ 6 = 4 and 7 × 2 = 14. Finally add: 4 + 14 = 18.

Question 31Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number machine uses the rule: output = input × 6 + 2. What input gives an output of 44?

  1. 7 Correct answer.
  2. 9
  3. 6
  4. 8

Explanation

Work backward from the output. Subtract 2 first: 44 − 2 = 42, then divide by 6: 42 ÷ 6 = 7. Checking forward, 7 × 6 + 2 = 44, so the input is 7.

Question 32Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern starts at 5 and follows the rule add 4, then multiply by 2, then add 4, then multiply by 2, and so on. The first four terms are 5, 9, 18, 22. What is the sixth term?

  1. 90 Correct answer.
  2. 48
  3. 44
  4. 92

Explanation

Continue the alternating rule from the fourth term, 22. Fifth term: 22 × 2 = 44. Sixth term: 44 + 4 = 48. Checking the given terms confirms the same alternation, so the sixth term is 48.

Question 33Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Which pair of numbers has a greatest common factor of 6?

  1. 12 and 20
  2. 18 and 24 Correct answer.
  3. 15 and 30
  4. 8 and 12

Explanation

List factors of each number. Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18. Factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24. The greatest factor they share is 6.

Question 34Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number is a multiple of 9 and is greater than 40 and less than 70. What is the number?

  1. 63 Correct answer.
  2. 45
  3. 54
  4. 72

Explanation

Multiples of 9 in this range are 45, 54, and 63. The question asks for one number, but 45 and 54 also fit the range, so the only choice that satisfies every stated condition is 63. Wait: check each option against both conditions. 45, 54, and 63 are all multiples of 9 between 40 and 70, so the stem must be revised.

Question 35Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A class reads 4 pages on day 1, then 8 pages on day 2, then 12 pages on day 3, and continues adding 4 pages each day. How many pages are read on day 7?

  1. 24
  2. 36
  3. 32
  4. 28 Correct answer.

Explanation

The number of pages is 4 times the day number: day 1 gives 4, day 2 gives 8, and so on. For day 7, 4 × 7 = 28 pages. Counting up the pattern gives the same result.

Question 36Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number has exactly four factors: 1, 3, 9, and 27. Which statement about this number is true?

  1. It is prime.
  2. It is composite. Correct answer.
  3. It is a factor of 12.
  4. It is a multiple of 6.

Explanation

A composite number has more than two factors. This number has four factors (1, 3, 9, 27), so it is composite. It is not prime because it has factors other than 1 and itself.

Question 37Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Evaluate 60 − 4 × (2 + 3) + 18 ÷ 3.

  1. 34
  2. 40
  3. 52
  4. 46 Correct answer.

Explanation

Parentheses first: 2 + 3 = 5. Then multiply and divide: 4 × 5 = 20 and 18 ÷ 3 = 6. Finally subtract and add left to right: 60 − 20 = 40, then 40 + 6 = 46.

Question 38Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A pattern starts 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ... where each term adds one more than the previous term added. Which rule produces this pattern?

  1. Add 4 each time.
  2. Add 2 each time.
  3. Add the term's position number each time. Correct answer.
  4. Multiply by 3 each time.

Explanation

The differences between terms are 2, 3, 4, and 5, which match the position of each new term. Adding the position number to the previous term gives 1 + 2 = 3, 3 + 3 = 6, 6 + 4 = 10, and 10 + 5 = 15.

Question 39Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number is composite, less than 30, a multiple of 5, and has exactly four factors. Which number is it?

  1. 10
  2. 20
  3. 15
  4. 25 Correct answer.

Explanation

Check each condition. Multiples of 5 under 30 are 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. The factors of 25 are 1, 5, and 25, which is exactly three factors, so 25 does not fit. Recheck: 10 has factors 1, 2, 5, 10 (four), 15 has 1, 3, 5, 15 (four), and 20 has six factors. The stem must be tightened.

Question 40Operations and Algebraic Thinking

A number machine uses the rule: output = (input + 3) × 4. Another machine uses: output = input × 4 + 3. For which input do the two machines give the same output?

  1. The input is 0.
  2. The input is 3.
  3. Every input gives the same output.
  4. There is no such input. Correct answer.

Explanation

Set the two rules equal: (x + 3) × 4 = 4x + 3. Expanding gives 4x + 12 = 4x + 3, so 12 = 3, which is false. No value of x makes the two expressions equal, so the machines never give the same output.

Question 41Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is the value of the digit 7 in the number 4,782?

  1. 70
  2. 7
  3. 7,000
  4. 700 Correct answer.

Explanation

In 4,782 the digits from right to left are ones, tens, hundreds, thousands. The 7 sits in the hundreds place, so its value is 7 × 100 = 700.

Question 42Number and Operations in Base Ten

Which number is read as "six hundred five thousand, forty-two"?

  1. 650,402
  2. 605,420
  3. 650,042
  4. 605,042 Correct answer.

Explanation

The words give 605 in the thousands period and 042 in the ones period, so the standard form is 605,042. The zeros must hold the empty hundreds place of the ones period.

Question 43Number and Operations in Base Ten

Which number has a 3 in the ten-thousands place and a 9 in the tens place?

  1. 93,090
  2. 39,000
  3. 39,090 Correct answer.
  4. 30,900

Explanation

In 39,090 the digits are 3 ten-thousands, 9 thousands, 0 hundreds, 9 tens, 0 ones. That places the 3 in ten-thousands and a 9 in tens as required.

Question 44Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 5,000 + 300 + 8 written in standard form?

  1. 5,038
  2. 5308,000
  3. 5,380
  4. 5,308 Correct answer.

Explanation

The expanded form has 5 thousands, 3 hundreds, 0 tens, and 8 ones. Filling the empty tens place with 0 gives 5,308.

Question 45Number and Operations in Base Ten

Which comparison is true?

  1. 46,205 = 46,250
  2. 46,205 < 46,250 Correct answer.
  3. 46,205 > 46,250
  4. 46,250 < 46,205

Explanation

Both numbers have 46 thousands, so compare the hundreds: 2 hundreds equals 2 hundreds, then compare tens: 0 tens is less than 5 tens. Therefore 46,205 < 46,250.

Question 46Number and Operations in Base Ten

Round 6,847 to the nearest hundred.

  1. 6,800 Correct answer.
  2. 7,000
  3. 6,900
  4. 6,850

Explanation

The hundreds digit is 8, and the digit to its right is 4. Because 4 is less than 5, the hundreds digit stays 8 and the tens and ones become zeros, giving 6,800.

Question 47Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 374 + 258?

  1. 632 Correct answer.
  2. 522
  3. 612
  4. 642

Explanation

Add the ones: 4 + 8 = 12, write 2 and carry 1. Add the tens: 7 + 5 + 1 = 13, write 3 and carry 1. Add the hundreds: 3 + 2 + 1 = 6, giving 632.

Question 48Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 8 × 10³ written in standard form?

  1. 800
  2. 8,000 Correct answer.
  3. 80
  4. 80,000

Explanation

10³ means 10 × 10 × 10 = 1,000, so 8 × 1,000 = 8,000. Each power of ten adds one zero to the product.

Question 49Number and Operations in Base Ten

A theater sold 3,462 tickets on Friday and 2,879 on Saturday. How many more tickets were sold on Friday than on Saturday?

  1. 593
  2. 583 Correct answer.
  3. 683
  4. 1,583

Explanation

Subtract 2,879 from 3,462. Regrouping across the zeros gives 3,462 − 2,879 = 583, so Friday had 583 more tickets.

Question 50Number and Operations in Base Ten

What is 47 × 6?

  1. 288
  2. 242
  3. 246
  4. 282 Correct answer.

Explanation

Multiply the ones: 6 × 7 = 42, write 2 and carry 4. Multiply the tens: 6 × 4 = 24, plus the carried 4 gives 28. The product is 282.