Pre-ride inspection
What the exam tests
A pre-ride inspection is a short, systematic check that catches problems before they become crashes. The exam expects you to know the high-value items and the order: tires and wheels, controls, lights and electrics, oil and fluids, chassis and suspension, and stands. Check tire pressure cold with a gauge, then look for tread depth, cracks, punctures, bulges, and loose spokes. With the engine off, test the throttle for smooth snap-back, both brake levers and the pedal for firm feel, the clutch, cables, and the sidestand spring. Turn on the headlight, taillight, brake light, turn signals, and horn; check mirrors and fuel. Look under the bike for fresh leaks and check chain slack or belt tension to the owner's specification.
Worked example
A rider plans a 30-mile trip and finds the rear tire visibly low. The sidewall says 42 psi maximum, but the motorcycle placard says 36 psi solo and 40 psi two-up. The correct first move is not to fill to the sidewall maximum. Inflate to the placard pressure for the actual load, then inspect for a nail or leak. If pressure falls again, the tire is not roadworthy. The rider should also confirm the brake light works, because a low tire often distracts from a second defect.
Traps
Checking only the front brake; ignoring the brake light because the headlight works; setting pressure to the sidewall maximum; skipping the chain after cleaning; and assuming a tire that looks round is correctly inflated. A quick check is not a substitute for a gauge and a deliberate walk-around.