OLSAT Level C flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Synonym

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. On synonym items, substitute each answer choice into the original sentence and keep the choice that preserves the meaning.

Antonym

A word with the opposite meaning of another word. Antonym questions often include a contrast signal such as 'but', 'unlike', or 'instead' inside the sentence.

Context clue

Information in the surrounding sentence that reveals a word's meaning. Definition clues restate the word; contrast clues point to an opposite meaning; example clues list items of the same category.

Bridge sentence

A short sentence linking the two words of an analogy, such as 'A hammer is a tool used by a carpenter.' The correct answer must fit the same bridge in the same direction.

Part-to-whole analogy

An analogy relationship in which the first item is a component of the second, such as wheel to car or petal to flower. The answer pair must keep the same part-then-whole order.

Category-to-member analogy

An analogy in which the first word names a class and the second names an item in it, such as fruit to apple. Reversing the order, apple to fruit, breaks the relationship.

Degree analogy

An analogy showing different intensities of the same quality, such as warm to hot or drizzle to downpour. The answer must show the same smaller-to-larger intensity step.

Main idea

The central point that covers the whole passage. A main-idea answer must be broad enough for every sentence, while a detail answer is supported by only one stated fact.

Odd one out

A classification task in which all but one item share a common attribute. The answer is the item that lacks the shared category, function, material, or living status.

All A are B

A statement that every member of group A also belongs to group B. It does not reverse: 'All dogs are animals' does not mean 'All animals are dogs'.

Some A are B

A statement that at least one member of A is also in B. It does not support the conclusion that all A are B, and it does not prove that some A are not B.

No A are B

A statement that the two groups share no members. Unlike 'All A are B', this statement can be reversed: 'No cats are reptiles' also means 'No reptiles are cats'.

Contrapositive

From 'If P then Q' you may validly conclude 'If not Q then not P'. The reverse, concluding P from Q, is invalid reasoning and appears as a common distractor.

Affirming the antecedent

Valid reasoning from 'If P then Q' and 'P is true' to the conclusion 'Q is true'. This is the one direction of if-then reasoning that always holds.

Ordering puzzle

A logic problem that places items in sequence using before-and-after clues. Start with the item whose position is most restricted, then place the rest.

Not all versus none

'Not all A are B' means at least one A is not B, while 'No A are B' means none are. The first allows some exceptions; the second excludes every member.

Letter series rule

A pattern in alphabet positions, such as +2, +2, +2 or alternating +3 and -1. Convert letters to numbers (A=1) to expose the rule before choosing the next letter.

Picture analogy

A pictorial pair showing a relationship, such as animal to its home, followed by a second picture that must be completed with the same relationship in the same direction.

Picture classification

A pictorial odd-one-out task. Name the category shared by most pictures, such as vehicles or tools, and select the picture outside that category.

Picture sequencing

Arranging pictures in natural time or cause-effect order, such as seed, sprout, plant, flower. The correct order follows how the event actually happens in life.

Worker-to-tool relationship

A pictorial relationship pairing a person with the object used for the job, such as painter to brush. The answer must keep worker first and tool second.

Container-to-contents

A pictorial relationship in which the first picture holds the second, such as basket to fruit or pitcher to water. Direction matters: container comes before contents.

Young-to-adult relationship

A pictorial relationship pairing an immature form with its mature form, such as puppy to dog or tadpole to frog. The answer pair must follow the same young-then-adult order.

Whole-to-part relationship

A pictorial relationship in which the first picture is the complete object and the second is one of its components, such as tree to branch or house to roof.

Figural rotation

Turning a figure by a fixed angle, commonly 90 or 180 degrees, without flipping it. A rotated figure keeps the same shape and handedness; only its orientation changes.

Reflection versus rotation

A reflection flips a figure left-right or top-bottom and reverses handedness, while a rotation turns it and preserves handedness. A mirrored letter cannot be matched by turning it.

Matrix overlay rule

In a 3x3 figure matrix, the third cell often combines the first two by adding lines, keeping only shared lines, or cancelling lines that appear in both.

Figural series element rule

In a figure series, each element (outer shape, inner shape, dot count, shading) follows its own independent rule, such as sides increasing by one each step.

Line of symmetry

A line that divides a figure into two mirror-image halves. Squares have four, rectangles two, and equilateral triangles three; counting them is a common figural classification rule.

Enclosed regions

The separate closed areas inside a figure. Counting enclosed regions is a frequent figural series and odd-one-out rule, distinct from counting total lines.

Position step rule

A figural rule in which an element moves one place around the frame per step, often clockwise. Track the movement of a single marker before checking other attributes.

Open versus closed figure

A closed figure encloses an area with unbroken lines, such as a circle or triangle; an open figure has a gap. This distinction often decides a figural odd-one-out item.