ROCN flashcards
ROCN · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Analogy: part to whole
- The first term is a component of the second, as wheel is to car. Apply the same direction to the choices; whole-to-part reverses the relationship and is wrong.
- Connotation versus denotation
- Denotation is a word's literal dictionary meaning; connotation is its emotional tone. Two words can mean the same thing yet differ, as thrifty and stingy do.
- Root 'mal'
- A Latin root meaning bad or evil, seen in malice, malfunction, malnutrition, and malpractice. It signals a negative meaning even in unfamiliar words.
- Sentence equivalence strategy
- Predict one word for the blank, then choose the pair of choices closest in meaning that both fit grammatically. Two correct answers must yield the same sentence meaning.
- Successive percent change
- Apply changes as multipliers, not sums. A 20% rise then a 20% fall gives 1.2 × 0.8 = 0.96, a net 4% decrease, not zero change.
- Average speed formula
- Average speed equals total distance divided by total time. For equal distances at speeds a and b, it is 2ab/(a + b), which is below the simple mean.
- Combined work rate
- Rates add when workers cooperate. If one finishes in a hours and another in b hours, together they take ab/(a + b) hours, always less than either alone.
- Pythagorean triples
- Whole-number right triangles: 3-4-5, 5-12-13, 8-15-17, and 7-24-25, plus any integer multiple. Recognizing them avoids computing square roots.
- Perpendicular slope rule
- Two non-vertical lines are perpendicular exactly when their slopes are negative reciprocals, so their product equals −1. A slope of 2 pairs with −1/2.
- Lever mechanical advantage
- Mechanical advantage equals effort arm length divided by resistance arm length. Lengthening the effort arm reduces the force required to lift a given load.
- Movable pulley advantage
- A movable pulley shares the load among rope segments, so ideal mechanical advantage equals the number of segments supporting the load; a single movable pulley gives about two.
- Gear ratio rule
- Meshed gears turn in opposite directions. The gear with fewer teeth rotates faster, and the speed ratio equals the inverse ratio of tooth counts.
- Pascal's principle
- Pressure applied to a confined fluid transmits undiminished throughout it. In hydraulics F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂, so a small piston lifts a large load.
- Density and flotation
- An object floats in a fluid when its average density is less than the fluid's, sinks when greater, and stays suspended when the densities are equal.
- Cube net opposites
- In a valid cube net, faces separated by exactly one face in a straight line end up opposite each other and never share an edge or vertex.
- Rotation versus reflection
- Rotation turns a figure while preserving orientation and handedness; reflection flips it, producing a mirror image that no rotation can match.
- Folding and hole count
- Each fold doubles the layers of paper, so one punch through n layers yields up to 2ⁿ holes when unfolded, mirrored across each fold line.
- Compass quarter turns
- A 90° clockwise turn maps north to east, east to south, south to west, and west to north. Counterclockwise reverses each mapping.
- Newton's second law
- Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). Doubling force doubles acceleration; doubling mass halves it for the same applied force.
- Ohm's law
- Voltage equals current times resistance (V = IR). At fixed voltage, increasing resistance decreases current; at fixed resistance, more voltage drives more current.
- Series versus parallel
- Series circuits offer one path, share the same current, and fail entirely if broken. Parallel circuits offer separate branches that continue working independently.
- pH scale meaning
- A 0–14 scale of hydrogen ion concentration: below 7 acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic. Each whole unit is a tenfold change in concentration.
- Photosynthesis equation
- Six carbon dioxide molecules plus six water molecules, using light energy captured by chlorophyll, produce one glucose molecule and six oxygen molecules.
- Main idea versus detail
- The main idea is the author's central claim supported throughout the passage. A detail answer can be factually true yet too narrow to answer the question.
- Contrast signal words
- Words such as however, although, yet, despite, and nonetheless mark a shift, and the author's actual position usually follows the contrast.
- Scope in answer choices
- A correct answer must match the passage's breadth. Choices broader or narrower than the stated claim are wrong even when they sound reasonable.
- Port and starboard
- Facing the bow, port is the left side and starboard is the right side. The terms are fixed to the vessel and do not change with a person's facing direction.
- Knot and nautical mile
- One knot is one nautical mile per hour. One nautical mile is about 1,852 meters, or one minute of latitude, and roughly 1.15 statute miles.
- Latitude and longitude
- Latitude parallels run east–west and measure distance north or south of the equator (0–90°). Longitude meridians measure east or west of the prime meridian (0–180°).
- Relative bearing reference
- Bearings measured from the ship use 000° dead ahead, 090° starboard beam, 180° dead astern, and 270° port beam, regardless of the ship's heading.
- Mission first, people always
- Accomplish the assigned task while safeguarding the team. When a task endangers personnel, safety takes precedence and the risk is reported up the chain.
- Delegation essentials
- Effective delegation states the task, the standard, and the deadline, then grants the authority and resources needed. The leader retains accountability for the result.