Oracle 1Z0-076 cheat sheet

Instance startup sequence: NOMOUNT reads the parameter file and starts the background processes and SGA; MOUNT opens the control files; OPEN opens the datafiles and online redo logs. STARTUP FORCE performs SHUTDOWN ABORT then STARTUP.

SHUTDOWN modes: NORMAL waits for sessions to disconnect and checkpoints; TRANSACTIONAL waits for active transactions then disconnects sessions; IMMEDIATE rolls back active transactions and disconnects sessions; ABORT terminates immediately without a checkpoint and requires instance recovery on next startup.

Tablespace states: OFFLINE NORMAL requires the tablespace to be clean (no dirty blocks); OFFLINE TEMPORARY checkpoints dirty blocks first; OFFLINE IMMEDIATE does not checkpoint and requires media recovery. READ ONLY permits queries but no DML on permanent objects.

Undo management: UNDO_RETENTION sets the desired retention; with RETENTION GUARANTEE Oracle never overwrites unexpired undo and can raise ORA-30036 when the undo tablespace is exhausted; RETENTION NOGUARANTEE allows reuse of expired undo.

Redo log sizing rule of thumb: size online redo logs so that a log switch occurs no more than every 15-20 minutes during peak activity; query V$LOG_HISTORY or V$ARCHIVED_LOG to compute average switch interval.

Automatic Shared Memory Management: MEMORY_TARGET sets the total SGA plus PGA target; SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET are then managed automatically and report 0 when the memory_target is in effect. MEMORY_MAX_TARGET is a static limit set at startup.

Backup and recovery: ARCHIVELOG mode enables online redo archiving and point-in-time recovery; NOARCHIVELOG mode requires the database be mounted (not open) for consistent backups. RMAN BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 backs up blocks changed since the last level-0 or level-1 backup.

Multitenant architecture: a CDB contains the root (CDB$ROOT), the seed (PDB$SEED, read-only), and pluggable databases. A PDB is opened with ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ... OPEN; SAVE STATE persists open mode across instance restarts.

Security and auditing: unified auditing writes to the AUDSYS schema and is queried via UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL; a common user is created with CREATE USER c##name and must use a common prefix; local users are created inside a PDB and cannot be created in the root.

Startup stages: NOMOUNT reads the parameter file and starts the background processes and SGA; MOUNT opens the control files; OPEN opens the datafiles and online redo logs. STARTUP FORCE performs SHUTDOWN ABORT then STARTUP.

SHUTDOWN modes: NORMAL waits for sessions to disconnect and checkpoints; TRANSACTIONAL waits for active transactions then disconnects sessions; IMMEDIATE rolls back active transactions and disconnects sessions; ABORT terminates immediately without a checkpoint and requires instance recovery on next startup.

Tablespace states: OFFLINE NORMAL requires the tablespace to be clean (no dirty blocks); OFFLINE TEMPORARY checkpoints dirty blocks first; OFFLINE IMMEDIATE does not checkpoint and requires media recovery. READ ONLY permits queries but no DML on permanent objects.

Undo management: UNDO_RETENTION sets the desired retention; with RETENTION GUARANTEE Oracle never overwrites unexpired undo and can raise ORA-30036 when the undo tablespace is exhausted; RETENTION NOGUARANTEE allows reuse of expired undo.

Redo log sizing rule of thumb: size online redo logs so that a log switch occurs no more than every 15-20 minutes during peak activity; query V$LOG_HISTORY or V$ARCHIVED_LOG to compute average switch interval.

Automatic Shared Memory Management: MEMORY_TARGET sets the total SGA plus PGA target; SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET are then managed automatically and report 0 when the memory_target is in effect. MEMORY_MAX_TARGET is a static limit set at startup.

Backup and recovery: ARCHIVELOG mode enables online redo archiving and point-in-time recovery; NOARCHIVELOG mode requires the database be mounted (not open) for consistent backups. RMAN BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 backs up blocks changed since the last level-0 or level-1 backup.

Multitenant architecture: a CDB contains the root (CDB$ROOT), the seed (PDB$SEED, read-only), and pluggable databases. A PDB is opened with ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ... OPEN; SAVE STATE persists open mode across instance restarts.

Security and auditing: unified auditing writes to the AUDSYS schema and is queried via UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL; a common user is created with CREATE USER c##name and must use a common prefix; local users are created inside a PDB and cannot be created in the root.

Startup stages: NOMOUNT reads the parameter file and starts the background processes and SGA; MOUNT opens the control files; OPEN opens the datafiles and online redo logs. STARTUP FORCE performs SHUTDOWN ABORT then STARTUP.

SHUTDOWN modes: NORMAL waits for sessions to disconnect and checkpoints; TRANSACTIONAL waits for active transactions then disconnects sessions; IMMEDIATE rolls back active transactions and disconnects sessions; ABORT terminates immediately without a checkpoint and requires instance recovery on next startup.

Tablespace states: OFFLINE NORMAL requires the tablespace to be clean (no dirty blocks); OFFLINE TEMPORARY checkpoints dirty blocks first; OFFLINE IMMEDIATE does not checkpoint and requires media recovery. READ ONLY permits queries but no DML on permanent objects.

Undo management: UNDO_RETENTION sets the desired retention; with RETENTION GUARANTEE Oracle never overwrites unexpired undo and can raise ORA-30036 when the undo tablespace is exhausted; RETENTION NOGUARANTEE allows reuse of expired undo.

Redo log sizing rule of thumb: size online redo logs so that a log switch occurs no more than every 15-20 minutes during peak activity; query V$LOG_HISTORY or V$ARCHIVED_LOG to compute average switch interval.

Automatic Shared Memory Management: MEMORY_TARGET sets the total SGA plus PGA target; SGA_TARGET and PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET are then managed automatically and report 0 when the memory_target is in effect. MEMORY_MAX_TARGET is a static limit set at startup.

Backup and recovery: ARCHIVELOG mode enables online redo archiving and point-in-time recovery; NOARCHIVELOG mode requires the database be mounted (not open) for consistent backups. RMAN BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 backs up blocks changed since the last level-0 or level-1 backup.

Multitenant architecture: a CDB contains the root (CDB$ROOT), the seed (PDB$SEED, read-only), and pluggable databases. A PDB is opened with ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ... OPEN; SAVE STATE persists open mode across instance restarts.

Security and auditing: unified auditing writes to the AUDSYS schema and is queried via UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL; a common user is created with CREATE USER c##name and must use a common prefix; local users are created inside a PDB and cannot be created in the root.