OSAT Agricultural Education (042) flashcards
OSAT Agricultural Education (042) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Rumen fermentation
- Microbial breakdown of cellulose and starch in the rumen produces volatile fatty acids, microbial protein, and gases that the ruminant absorbs or eructates.
- Expected progeny difference
- An EPD predicts the average genetic merit a parent transmits for a trait compared with a breed base, expressed in trait units such as pounds of weaning weight.
- Heterosis
- Heterosis is the superior performance of crossbred offspring over the average of parental lines, greatest for lowly heritable traits such as fertility and survivability.
- Economic threshold
- The pest population density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop loss prevented, triggering treatment under integrated pest management.
- Soil texture triangle
- A triangular graph plotting percent sand, silt, and clay to classify soil into textural classes such as loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay.
- Hydraulic force formula
- Force equals pressure times piston area; increasing cylinder bore or system pressure raises lifting force in a tractor hydraulic system.
- Electrode E6011
- An arc welding electrode coding 60,000 psi tensile strength, usable in all positions, with a high-cellulose coating allowing AC or DC current.
- Three-point hitch categories
- Hitch categories I through IV are matched to tractor horsepower and implement size; mismatched categories risk failure or improper implement operation.
- Precision agriculture
- Site-specific management using GPS guidance, yield monitors, and variable-rate technology to apply inputs by management zone instead of whole-field averages.
- Ohm's law
- Voltage equals current times resistance; a 12-volt circuit drawing 3 amps has 4 ohms resistance and dissipates 36 watts of power.
- Break-even yield
- Total fixed costs divided by the difference between product price and variable cost per unit; the yield needed to cover all costs.
- Basis
- The local cash price minus the nearby futures price; a narrowing basis favors selling, while a widening basis favors storage or delayed pricing.
- Demand elasticity
- Percentage change in quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price; inelastic demand means revenue moves with price.
- Current ratio
- Current assets divided by current liabilities; a measure of short-term solvency on the farm balance sheet.
- Futures contract
- A standardized agreement to buy or sell a commodity at a set price and date; it locks price but requires margin deposits and carries basis risk.
- Universal soil loss equation
- A = R × K × LS × C × P estimates average annual soil loss from rainfall, soil erodibility, slope, cover, and conservation practice factors.
- Denitrification
- Conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas by soil bacteria under saturated, low-oxygen conditions, reducing nitrogen available to crops.
- Riparian buffer
- Vegetated strip along a waterway that traps sediment, filters nutrients, and stabilizes banks, protecting water quality from field runoff.
- Rotational grazing
- Moving livestock among paddocks with rest periods that allow forage regrowth, improving pasture persistence and reducing bare ground.
- Three-circle model
- The agricultural education model linking classroom and laboratory instruction, supervised agricultural experience, and FFA leadership development.
- American FFA Degree
- The highest FFA degree, requiring a completed SAE, verified earnings or placement hours, leadership activities, and community service.
- Supervised agricultural experience
- A planned, documented work-based learning program in entrepreneurship, placement, research, school-based enterprise, or service learning, recorded with hours and finances.
- Parliamentary procedure
- Meeting rules based on Robert's Rules of Order governing motions, amendments, debate, and voting during FFA chapter meetings.
- Perkins funding
- Federal career and technical education funding supporting approved programs, equipment, and professional development through state plans.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing checks during instruction that inform teaching adjustments; summative assessment instead measures achievement at the end of a unit.
- Validity versus reliability
- Validity means an assessment measures the intended objective; reliability means scores are consistent across raters, occasions, or item forms.
- Experiential learning cycle
- Instructional sequence of concrete experience, reflective observation, generalization, and application, used to structure SAE and laboratory lessons.
- Differentiated instruction
- Adjusting content, process, or product based on student readiness, interest, and learning profile so all learners access the same objective.
- HACCP plan
- A food safety system with hazard analysis, critical control points, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and recordkeeping to prevent contamination.
- Danger zone
- The temperature range roughly 40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit where foodborne pathogens multiply rapidly; holding food outside it limits growth.
- Marker-assisted selection
- Plant or animal breeding that uses DNA markers linked to desirable traits to select individuals before the trait can be observed.
- Meat inspection versus grading
- Inspection by USDA FSIS verifies wholesomeness and is mandatory; quality and yield grading is voluntary and paid by the processor.