OSAT Physical Education/Health/Safety flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Cephalocaudal development

Motor development proceeds from head to toe; infants gain control of head and neck before trunk and legs.

Fitts and Posner stages

Three stages of motor learning: cognitive (conscious, error-prone), associative (refining), and autonomous (automatic, low attention).

Knowledge of results

Extrinsic feedback about the outcome of a movement (e.g., whether the ball went in), which helps learners adjust performance.

Open vs. closed skills

Open skills are performed in unpredictable, changing environments; closed skills are self-paced in stable environments.

Base of support

The area beneath a person's body that includes all points of contact with the ground; a larger base increases stability.

Third-class lever

A lever where the effort force is applied between the fulcrum and the load; most common in the human body (e.g., biceps curl).

FITT principle

Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type; a framework for designing and modifying exercise programs for fitness components.

VO2max

The maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise; the best indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Overload principle

To improve fitness, the body must be stressed beyond its normal levels; gradual increases in demand lead to adaptation.

ATP-PC system

The immediate energy system that supplies ATP for short, high-intensity bursts (about 0-10 seconds) without oxygen.

Energy balance

The relationship between calories consumed and calories expended; a positive balance leads to weight gain, negative to loss.

Macronutrient calories

Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal per gram; fats provide 9 kcal per gram; alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram.

MyPlate

A visual guide for healthy eating: half the plate fruits and vegetables, one quarter lean protein, one quarter whole grains, plus dairy.

Body mass index (BMI)

A screening tool calculated from height and weight; it is not diagnostic and should be interpreted cautiously, especially in youth.

Health Belief Model

A theory explaining health behavior by perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Transtheoretical Model

A behavior change model with stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.

National Health Education Standards

Standards outlining functional health knowledge and skills students need to adopt healthy behaviors.

RICE protocol

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation; first aid for acute musculoskeletal injuries to reduce pain and swelling.

Concussion protocol

Any suspected concussion requires immediate removal from play, no same-day return, and medical evaluation before graduated return.

Emergency Action Plan

A written, practiced plan detailing roles, communication, equipment, and emergency contacts for responding to injuries.

Universal precautions

Infection control practices treating all blood and body fluids as infectious; includes gloves and hand hygiene.

Backward design

A curriculum planning approach: identify desired results, determine acceptable evidence, then plan learning experiences.

Sport education model

A curriculum model that organizes physical education into seasons with teams, roles, and culminating events to build competence and affiliation.

STEP model

A differentiation tool: modify Space, Task, Equipment, and People to include all students in physical activity.

Formative assessment

Ongoing assessment during instruction used to provide feedback and adjust teaching, rather than to assign a final grade.

Authentic assessment

Assessment that requires students to perform real-world tasks, such as game play or skill checklists, reflecting actual learning.

Criterion-referenced standards

Fitness standards based on predetermined health-related criteria rather than comparison to peers.

Negligence elements

Duty of care, breach of duty, causation, and damages; all four must be proven for a negligence claim.

Mandated reporting

Legal requirement for educators to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities.

FERPA

A federal law protecting the privacy of student education records; schools must obtain consent for most disclosures.

Least restrictive environment

The legal requirement that students with disabilities be educated with peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.

Culturally responsive teaching

Instruction that recognizes and incorporates students' cultural backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives to enhance learning.