ParaPro flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Main idea
- What a passage is mostly about. It is often stated in the first or last sentence of a paragraph and is supported by all the other details.
- Supporting detail
- A fact, example, reason, or statistic that explains or proves the main idea of a passage and keeps the reader's attention on that central point.
- Inference
- A conclusion a reader reaches by combining evidence in the text with prior knowledge, used when the author does not state the idea directly.
- Fact versus opinion
- A fact can be proven true with evidence; an opinion expresses a belief, feeling, or judgment and often contains words such as best, should, or beautiful.
- Context clue
- Words, phrases, examples, or definitions near an unknown word that help a reader determine its meaning without opening a dictionary.
- Author's purpose
- The reason a writer creates a text, usually to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain. Purpose is revealed by tone, word choice, and content.
- Simile
- A figure of speech that compares two unlike things using the words like or as, for example, brave as a lion or runs like the wind.
- Metaphor
- A figure of speech that states one thing is another without using like or as, for example, the classroom was a zoo.
- Sequence text structure
- An organizational pattern that presents events or steps in time order, signaled by words such as first, next, then, later, and finally.
- Cause and effect
- A text structure that explains why something happened and what resulted, signaled by words such as because, so, since, and as a result.
- Theme
- The underlying message or lesson about life that a story conveys. It is usually implied through characters and events rather than stated outright.
- Complete sentence
- A group of words containing a subject, a predicate with a working verb, and a complete thought that can stand alone.
- Sentence fragment
- A group of words punctuated as a sentence but missing a subject, a predicate, or a complete thought, such as Ran down the street.
- Run-on sentence
- Two or more independent clauses joined without correct punctuation or a conjunction; it can be repaired with a period, semicolon, or comma plus conjunction.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb, regardless of phrases in between.
- Pronoun-antecedent agreement
- The rule that a pronoun must match the noun it replaces in number and gender. Indefinite pronouns such as everyone and each are singular.
- Commas in a series
- Commas used to separate three or more items, actions, or phrases in a list, as in bread, milk, and eggs.
- Possessive apostrophe
- A singular noun shows ownership by adding apostrophe-s; a plural noun ending in -s adds only an apostrophe; irregular plurals add apostrophe-s.
- Homophone
- One of two or more words that sound the same but differ in spelling and meaning, such as their, there, and they're.
- Topic sentence
- The sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph. It usually appears first and controls what the supporting sentences discuss.
- Transition word
- A word or phrase that connects ideas and shows their relationship, such as however for contrast, therefore for result, and in addition.
- Order of operations
- The agreed sequence for evaluating expressions: parentheses and brackets, exponents, multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right.
- Percent equation
- Part equals percent times whole. Convert a percent to a decimal by dividing by 100 before multiplying to find the missing quantity.
- Mean
- The average of a data set, found by adding all the values and dividing the sum by the number of values in the set.
- Median
- The middle value of a data set arranged in order; if the set has an even number of values, average the two middle values.
- Mode
- The value that appears most often in a data set. A set may have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode at all.
- Area of a rectangle
- Found by multiplying length by width. The answer is expressed in square units, such as square inches or square centimeters.
- Area of a triangle
- Found by multiplying one-half by the base by the height, written as A equals one-half b h, with the answer in square units.
- Least common multiple
- The smallest number that two or more given numbers divide into evenly; used as the common denominator when adding or subtracting fractions.
- Greatest common factor
- The largest number that divides two or more given numbers evenly; used to simplify fractions to lowest terms.
- Equivalent fractions
- Fractions that name the same amount. Multiplying or dividing both the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number produces an equivalent fraction.
- Rounding rule
- Find the place value being rounded to, then check the digit to its right: 5 or higher rounds up, 4 or lower leaves the digit unchanged.