An unowned risk becomes a 14-week delay with a fixed track window
Coastline Rail is delivering a GBP 46 million signalling upgrade over 22 months with public funding and fixed track-access windows. The risk register contains the entry 'supplier may deliver interlocking software late', rated low probability and low impact on the basis that the supplier was used successfully three years ago. No risk owner is named and no response is described. At month 10 the supplier confirms a 14-week delay following a factory relocation; the project manager moves the entry to 'high' but leaves it in the risk register and asks the steering committee to release management reserve, without an impact assessment. The operations director needs a decision by Friday: whether to keep the four-day Easter possession for commissioning or cancel it. Cancelling costs GBP 300,000 in rebooking and surrenders the only window before winter. The funder requires quarterly assurance that milestones will be met.
1. Distinguish risk from issue in this situation and identify what failed at risk identification and review.
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Risk versus issue. A risk is an uncertain event which, if it occurs, affects objectives; it is managed through probability, impact, an owner and a planned response. An issue is an event that has already occurred and requires action now. Once the supplier confirmed the 14-week delay, the matter became an issue and had to be managed as one - with an issue owner, impact analysis, resolution actions and a decision deadline. Leaving it in the risk register as a 'high risk' delays action and is a category error.
What failed:
- No owner. A risk without a named owner is not being managed; nobody was monitoring supplier capacity.
- Rating by anecdote. 'We used them three years ago' is not evidence about current capacity, backlog or the factory relocation that was evidently foreseeable.
- No response plan. No mitigation (contractual milestones, progress surveillance, buffer) and no contingency defined.
- No review cadence. The entry was never challenged as circumstances changed.
- Escalation without analysis. Asking for reserve without impact assessment transfers the problem upward instead of informing the decision.
The residual consequence - further slippage, or integration risk once the software arrives - should now be re-entered as a new risk with an owner.
2. What should the project manager do in the days before Friday's possession decision?
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Convert the issue into an analysed decision package.
- Assign an issue owner and record it in the issue log, referencing the originating risk entry.
- Perform a dated impact analysis: which milestones move, which contractual obligations and penalties are triggered, what the funder must be told, what the knock-on is for the next possession window, and what work can proceed regardless of the software.
- Develop and cost the options: keep the Easter possession and compress later work (extra shifts, parallel working, additional safety and assurance burden); cancel and rebook (GBP 300,000 plus loss of the pre-winter window); re-sequence the possession to non-interlocking work; or accept delay with sponsor, funder and regulator agreement.
- Recommend one option with reasons and state the decision required, the decision-maker and the consequence of deciding late. Friday is a governance deadline, not a project manager's call.
- Handle reserve properly: distinguish contingency held for identified risks from management reserve held for unknown work, and request release only against an assessed impact, with approval at the level that owns the reserve.
- Communicate to the funder proactively, before their quarterly assurance cycle forces the disclosure, and state the recovery position.
3. The steering committee wants assurance this will not recur. Which governance changes address the root causes?
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Root causes are ownership, evidence and escalation discipline, not bad luck.
- Mandatory risk ownership: no risk is accepted into the register without a named owner, a response and a review date; ownership is confirmed by the individual, not assumed.
- Supplier performance surveillance: contractual progress milestones, evidence-based reporting from the supplier, and a defined intervention point well before a lead time becomes critical. Single-source dependency should be recorded as a strategic risk with a sponsor-level owner.
- Risk review as a standing agenda item with challenge: ratings justified by evidence, reviewed on a fixed cadence and at every phase gate.
- Defined escalation thresholds and decision rights, including who may release contingency and management reserve and on what evidence.
- Issue management discipline: a separate issue log with owners and resolution dates, and a rule that a materialised risk is transferred out of the risk register.
- Assurance reporting: the funder's quarterly assurance should be fed by the same data the steering committee sees, so no second version of the truth exists.
These changes should be recorded as actions with owners and dates, and their implementation checked at the next steering committee rather than assumed.