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PNG CASA IR Air Law study materials
PNG CASA IR Air Law study resources

PNG CASA IR Air Law practice questions

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Question 1Air Law

Under the PNG Civil Aviation Act, which body is responsible for issuing Air Operator Certificates to PNG-based operators?

  1. The Civil Aviation Safety Authority of PNG (CASAPNG) Correct answer.
  2. The National Airports Corporation
  3. The Accident Investigation Commission
  4. The Department of Transport and Civil Aviation

Explanation

The Civil Aviation Safety Authority of Papua New Guinea (CASAPNG) is the regulatory authority that certifies and oversees operators under the Civil Aviation Act. The National Airports Corporation manages airport infrastructure, the AIC investigates accidents, and the Department handles policy rather than certification.

Question 2Air Law

Which document is the primary PNG legislation governing civil aviation safety and the powers of the regulator?

  1. The Civil Aviation Act Correct answer.
  2. The Chicago Convention Annex 2
  3. The Airport Security Manual
  4. The PNG Air Navigation Orders only

Explanation

The Civil Aviation Act is the principal statute establishing the regulator and its safety powers in PNG. Annexes to the Chicago Convention and Air Navigation Orders are subordinate instruments given effect through that Act, not primary legislation themselves.

Question 3Air Law

When must a pilot operating in PNG comply with the rules of the air set out in the applicable Air Navigation Orders?

  1. Only when carrying fare-paying passengers
  2. Only when operating under instrument flight rules
  3. Only when flying within controlled airspace around Port Moresby
  4. At all times during flight, including over remote and uncontrolled airspace Correct answer.

Explanation

Rules of the air apply to all aircraft operations at all times, regardless of whether the airspace is controlled or remote. Controlled airspace status, passenger carriage and flight rules do not exempt an aircraft from these basic rules.

Question 4Air Law

An aircraft in PNG is on a collision course with another aircraft of the same category. Which aircraft has the right of way?

  1. The aircraft on the right Correct answer.
  2. The faster aircraft
  3. The aircraft on the left
  4. The aircraft at the higher altitude

Explanation

When two aircraft of the same category converge head-on or at similar levels, the aircraft on the right has the right of way and the other must give way. Speed and altitude do not confer priority in this situation.

Question 5Air Law

What is the minimum visibility required for a VFR flight at or below 900 m AMSL in PNG class G airspace during the day, unless otherwise specified?

  1. 3 km
  2. 5 km Correct answer.
  3. 1.5 km
  4. 8 km

Explanation

PNG Air Navigation Orders generally require a flight visibility of 5 km for VFR operations in class G airspace below 900 m AMSL by day. The other values are either too restrictive or below the prescribed minimum.

Question 6Air Law

A pilot wishes to enter controlled airspace around Jacksons International Airport. What is normally required before entry?

  1. A clearance from the responsible air traffic control unit Correct answer.
  2. Approval from the Accident Investigation Commission
  3. A flight plan filed at least 24 hours in advance
  4. Notification to the National Airports Corporation

Explanation

Entry into controlled airspace requires an ATC clearance from the unit responsible for that airspace. Filing a flight plan or notifying other agencies does not substitute for the clearance itself.

Question 7Air Law

Which organisation publishes and amends the PNG Air Navigation Orders that give effect to ICAO standards?

  1. The PNG Defence Force
  2. The National Airports Corporation
  3. The Civil Aviation Safety Authority of PNG Correct answer.
  4. The International Air Transport Association

Explanation

CASAPNG, as the national regulator, issues and amends Air Navigation Orders to implement ICAO standards and recommended practices. IATA is an industry association, and neither the Defence Force nor the airports corporation has this regulatory function.

Question 8Air Law

An operator's aircraft is involved in a serious incident in PNG. Which body is responsible for investigating the occurrence?

  1. The operator's own safety department
  2. The National Airports Corporation
  3. The Accident Investigation Commission Correct answer.
  4. The Civil Aviation Safety Authority of PNG

Explanation

The PNG Accident Investigation Commission conducts independent investigations of accidents and serious incidents. The regulator may participate but does not conduct the independent investigation, and operators cannot investigate their own occurrences.

Question 9Air Law

What is the primary purpose of an accident investigation conducted under PNG law?

  1. To decide whether to prosecute the flight crew
  2. To assign fault among the parties involved
  3. To determine causes and prevent recurrence, not to apportion blame or liability Correct answer.
  4. To establish legal liability for insurance claims

Explanation

Accident investigations aim to identify causal factors and prevent future occurrences rather than to establish fault or liability. The investigation report may inform other processes but its purpose is safety improvement.

Question 10Air Law

Under PNG requirements, an aircraft may not be operated unless it holds which of the following?

  1. A current passenger manifest
  2. A valid certificate of airworthiness Correct answer.
  3. A commercial insurance policy covering all risks
  4. A noise certification label only

Explanation

An aircraft must have a valid certificate of airworthiness to be operated lawfully. A passenger manifest, insurance and noise certification may be required in various contexts but do not substitute for the certificate of airworthiness.

Question 11Air Law

What is the validity period of a standard private pilot licence issued in PNG before it must be renewed or revalidated?

  1. It expires automatically 12 months after issue regardless of currency
  2. It remains valid while the holder meets the currency and medical requirements specified in the licence conditions Correct answer.
  3. It is valid only for the calendar year of issue
  4. It must be reissued every 6 months

Explanation

Licence validity is tied to the conditions printed on the licence, including medical validity and recent experience requirements. Fixed 6- or 12-month blanket expiries or calendar-year limits do not reflect the standard conditions.

Question 12Air Law

Before acting as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers, a pilot must hold which of the following?

  1. A current passport
  2. A valid medical certificate appropriate to the licence privileges Correct answer.
  3. A commercial pilot licence in all cases
  4. A type rating for every aircraft in the same class

Explanation

A valid medical certificate appropriate to the privileges exercised is required before acting as pilot in command. A passport, class-wide type ratings and a commercial licence in every case are not prerequisites for all passenger-carrying operations.

Question 13Air Law

What is the standard minimum age for the issue of a private pilot licence in PNG?

  1. 18 years
  2. 21 years
  3. 16 years
  4. 17 years Correct answer.

Explanation

The minimum age for a private pilot licence is 17 years, consistent with ICAO Annex 1 standards adopted in PNG. Sixteen applies to some other categories, while 18 and 21 are higher than required.

Question 14Air Law

An aircraft registered in PNG is sold to a new owner. What must the new owner do regarding registration?

  1. Reregister the aircraft in another state
  2. Continue operating under the previous owner's registration indefinitely
  3. Notify only the insurer of the change
  4. Apply to the registry for transfer or re-registration in the new owner's name Correct answer.

Explanation

A change of ownership requires the registry to be updated so the aircraft is registered in the new owner's name. Operating indefinitely under the previous registration, notifying only the insurer, or moving to a foreign registry does not satisfy the requirement.

Question 15Air Law

Which marks must be displayed on a PNG-registered aircraft?

  1. The operator's name and logo only
  2. The pilot's licence number
  3. The certificate of airworthiness number
  4. The nationality mark and registration mark Correct answer.

Explanation

Aircraft must carry the nationality mark and the registration mark assigned by the registry. Operator branding, airworthiness certificate numbers and pilot licence details are not the required identification marks.

Question 16Air Law

An operator intends to conduct a commercial air transport operation in PNG. Which authorisation is required in addition to the aircraft's certificate of airworthiness?

  1. A letter of support from the National Airports Corporation
  2. A customs bond
  3. An Air Operator Certificate issued by CASAPNG Correct answer.
  4. A foreign operator's permit from ICAO

Explanation

Commercial air transport requires an Air Operator Certificate issued by the national regulator, confirming the operator meets the required organisational and safety standards. Airport support letters, ICAO permits and customs bonds are not the authorising instrument.

Question 17Air Law

What does the term 'dangerous goods' mean in the context of PNG air transport regulations?

  1. Only explosives and radioactive material
  2. Only goods carried on international flights
  3. Any cargo weighing more than 100 kg
  4. Articles or substances capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment Correct answer.

Explanation

Dangerous goods are articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, property or the environment, as classified in the technical instructions. The definition is not limited to explosives or radioactive material, weight thresholds, or international flights.

Question 18Air Law

A passenger arrives at check-in carrying a spare lithium battery for a portable electronic device. Under PNG dangerous goods requirements, how should it normally be carried?

  1. It may not be carried on the aircraft at all
  2. In carry-on baggage, with terminals protected against short circuit Correct answer.
  3. In checked baggage only
  4. In the aircraft hold as cargo

Explanation

Spare lithium batteries are generally permitted in carry-on baggage only, with terminals protected to prevent short circuits. Placing them in checked baggage, in the hold as cargo, or banning them outright does not reflect the standard provisions.

Question 19Air Law

Which of the following must a pilot do when encountering a forced landing situation in PNG?

  1. Wait for the insurer to contact the regulator
  2. Only inform the aircraft owner
  3. Submit a report within 12 months
  4. Notify ATC or the responsible authority as soon as practicable and provide details of the occurrence Correct answer.

Explanation

The pilot must notify the relevant authority as soon as practicable after a forced landing or reportable occurrence, providing the required details. Informing only the owner or waiting for the insurer does not meet the reporting obligation, and a 12-month window is far too long.

Question 20Air Law

What is the purpose of a mandatory occurrence reporting system in PNG civil aviation?

  1. To replace accident investigation entirely
  2. To collect safety information so hazards can be identified and addressed Correct answer.
  3. To provide data for airline marketing
  4. To build a disciplinary record against individual pilots

Explanation

Mandatory occurrence reporting gathers safety data to identify hazards and enable corrective action across the system. It is not intended as a disciplinary tool, a substitute for investigation, or marketing data.

Question 21Air Law

A pilot is flying VFR and encounters deteriorating weather. What is the correct action under PNG rules of the air?

  1. Continue on the planned track while descending below the cloud base
  2. Climb into cloud to remain clear of terrain
  3. Increase speed to reach the destination before weather worsens
  4. Request an amended clearance or divert to maintain VFR, and land if VFR cannot be maintained Correct answer.

Explanation

A VFR pilot must maintain the prescribed visual meteorological conditions; if unable to do so, the pilot should request an amended clearance or divert, and land if VFR cannot be maintained. Continuing into deteriorating conditions, entering cloud without an instrument clearance, or speeding up does not preserve legal VFR.

Question 22Air Law

Which of the following best describes the effect of the Chicago Convention on PNG aviation law?

  1. The Convention applies only to military aircraft
  2. ICAO directly enforces its annexes on PNG operators
  3. PNG adopts ICAO standards through its own legislation and orders Correct answer.
  4. The Convention replaces PNG's domestic legislation

Explanation

The Chicago Convention provides a framework of international standards that PNG implements through domestic legislation and Air Navigation Orders. ICAO does not enforce annexes directly, the Convention does not displace domestic law, and it concerns civil rather than military aviation.

Question 23Air Law

An aircraft is being operated in PNG airspace without a valid certificate of registration. What is the consequence?

  1. The aircraft is not lawfully entitled to fly and the operator may be subject to regulatory action Correct answer.
  2. The flight is lawful if the aircraft is insured
  3. The flight is lawful if the pilot holds a valid licence
  4. The flight is lawful if it remains outside controlled airspace

Explanation

Flight without valid registration is unlawful, and the operator may face regulatory action regardless of the pilot's licence, insurance status, or the class of airspace used. Registration is a basic condition of lawful flight.

Question 24Air Law

For an IFR flight in controlled airspace, what is the minimum required equipment relating to altitude awareness?

  1. A serviceable altimeter with the required accuracy and a means of reporting altitude to ATC Correct answer.
  2. A GPS receiver only
  3. A portable electronic device with a barometer
  4. A radio altimeter only

Explanation

IFR operations require a serviceable pressure altimeter meeting the prescribed accuracy, together with the means to report altitude accurately to ATC. A GPS receiver, portable device or radio altimeter alone does not satisfy the requirement.

Question 25Air Law

Which of the following is a responsibility of the pilot in command under PNG aviation law?

  1. Amending Air Navigation Orders
  2. The safety of the aircraft and all persons on board during the flight Correct answer.
  3. Approving the aircraft's certificate of airworthiness
  4. Issuing Air Operator Certificates

Explanation

The pilot in command is responsible for the safety of the aircraft and persons on board. Approving airworthiness certificates, amending orders and issuing operator certificates are regulatory functions, not duties of the pilot in command.

Question 26Air Law

Under the PNG Civil Aviation Rules, what class of medical certificate must a private pilot licence holder hold in order to exercise the privileges of that licence?

  1. No medical certificate is required for private operations
  2. A Class 1 medical certificate
  3. A Class 2 medical certificate Correct answer.
  4. A Class 3 medical certificate

Explanation

PNG aligns with ICAO Annex 1 medical standards, under which private pilots require a Class 2 medical certificate, while commercial pilots require Class 1. The certificate must be current and issued by a medical examiner acceptable to the regulator.

Question 27Air Law

A pilot's Class 2 medical certificate lapses while the pilot continues flying as pilot in command of a light aircraft on a private flight. What is the status of that flight under PNG rules?

  1. The flight is lawful if another pilot on board holds a current medical certificate
  2. The flight is unlawful because the pilot is exercising licence privileges without a valid medical certificate Correct answer.
  3. The flight is lawful provided the flight stays within 25 nautical miles of the departure aerodrome
  4. The flight is lawful because private flights do not require a medical certificate

Explanation

Exercising the privileges of a pilot licence requires that the associated medical certificate remains valid. Flying after expiry means the privileges are being exercised without a valid certificate, which is a breach of the rules regardless of the type of operation.

Question 28Air Law

In PNG, what is the normal maximum period of validity for a Class 1 medical certificate issued to a pilot under the age of 40?

  1. 36 months
  2. 12 months Correct answer.
  3. 6 months
  4. 24 months

Explanation

Following ICAO Annex 1 guidance adopted in PNG, a Class 1 medical certificate is normally valid for 12 months for holders under 40, with the validity reduced to 6 months once the holder reaches 40. Shorter validity may be imposed where a medical examiner specifies it.

Question 29Air Law

What is the purpose of an airworthiness certificate issued for a PNG-registered aircraft?

  1. It certifies that the pilot has completed a type rating for the aircraft
  2. It certifies that the aircraft type has been approved for commercial operation
  3. It certifies that the aircraft conforms to an approved type design and is in a condition for safe operation Correct answer.
  4. It certifies that the operator has paid all outstanding aviation fees

Explanation

An airworthiness certificate confirms that the individual aircraft conforms to its approved type design and is maintained in a condition for safe flight. It is issued after inspection and is kept valid through continuing maintenance and inspections.

Question 30Air Law

An aircraft suffers damage during a hard landing in PNG that affects its structural strength. What must happen before the aircraft flies again?

  1. The aircraft must be inspected and returned to an airworthy condition with the appropriate certification before further flight Correct answer.
  2. The operator may continue normal operations if the damage is recorded in the technical log
  3. The pilot may ferry the aircraft to a maintenance base without any approval
  4. The aircraft may fly only on private, non-commercial flights until repaired

Explanation

Damage affecting structural strength or performance means the aircraft no longer meets its airworthiness standard. It must be inspected, repaired and certified as airworthy before any further flight, including a ferry flight unless specifically authorised.

Question 31Air Law

Under PNG rules, who is responsible for ensuring that an aircraft is loaded within its approved mass and balance limits before departure?

  1. The pilot in command Correct answer.
  2. The ground handling agent alone
  3. The aircraft owner
  4. The aircraft maintenance engineer

Explanation

The pilot in command is responsible for confirming that the aircraft's mass and centre of gravity remain within approved limits for the planned flight. This responsibility cannot be delegated to ground staff, although loading may be performed by others.

Question 32Air Law

An operator wishes to carry passengers for hire and reward in PNG using a small single-engine aeroplane. Which document must the operator hold in addition to the aircraft's certificate of airworthiness?

  1. A certificate of registration only
  2. A radio station licence for the aircraft
  3. A private pilot licence for the chief pilot only
  4. An air operator certificate issued by the PNG civil aviation authority Correct answer.

Explanation

Commercial air transport requires the operator to hold an air operator certificate issued by the regulatory authority, confirming the operator meets the required organisational, operational and safety standards. Registration and airworthiness certificates alone do not authorise commercial transport.

Question 33Air Law

What is the primary function of the PNG civil aviation regulator in relation to aviation safety?

  1. To manage airport terminal concessions and retail leases
  2. To operate the national airline on behalf of the government
  3. To investigate accidents and publish the final accident reports
  4. To set safety standards, issue licences and certificates, and oversee compliance by the aviation industry Correct answer.

Explanation

The civil aviation regulator is responsible for establishing safety standards, issuing licences and certificates, and conducting oversight to ensure compliance. Accident investigation is handled separately to preserve independence, and airport commercial management is not a safety regulation function.

Question 34Air Law

A pilot operating in PNG is unsure whether a particular airspace is controlled. Which publication should the pilot consult for authoritative airspace and procedural information?

  1. The operator's maintenance schedule
  2. The pilot's personal logbook
  3. The PNG Aeronautical Information Publication Correct answer.
  4. The aircraft flight manual

Explanation

The Aeronautical Information Publication contains authoritative information on airspace classification, routes, procedures and aerodromes. Pilots are expected to consult current AIP material and associated charts before flight.

Question 35Air Law

What does a NOTAM normally communicate to pilots in PNG?

  1. Long-term changes to the civil aviation regulations
  2. The commercial timetable of scheduled airlines
  3. Time-critical information about hazards or changes affecting flight operations Correct answer.
  4. The results of accident investigations

Explanation

A NOTAM distributes time-critical information about hazards, unserviceable facilities or temporary changes affecting flight operations. It supplements but does not replace the AIP.

Question 36Air Law

A pilot plans a VFR flight in PNG and the destination forecast indicates the ceiling will be below the VFR minimum. What is the appropriate action?

  1. Depart provided the pilot holds an instrument rating
  2. Depart only if the aircraft carries a serviceable autopilot
  3. Amend the plan, delay the flight, or select an alternative destination that meets VFR requirements Correct answer.
  4. Depart and attempt the flight, relying on special VFR on arrival

Explanation

VFR flight requires that the planned route and destination allow compliance with the applicable visual meteorological conditions. If the forecast does not support VFR, the pilot should delay, replan or choose an alternate destination.

Question 37Air Law

Which of the following correctly describes the minimum flight visibility generally required for VFR flight in controlled airspace at altitudes above 3,000 feet AMSL in PNG?

  1. 5,000 metres Correct answer.
  2. 1,500 metres
  3. 8,000 metres
  4. 3,000 metres

Explanation

PNG VFR minima reflect ICAO Annex 2 tables, under which flight visibility of at least 5,000 metres applies at higher levels in controlled airspace. Lower minima apply at lower altitudes and in certain airspace classes.

Question 38Air Law

An aircraft on approach experiences a radio failure in controlled airspace. What is the pilot expected to do under the standard communications failure procedures?

  1. Follow the published communications failure procedures, squawk the appropriate code and comply with the applicable clearance limits Correct answer.
  2. Descend immediately below controlled airspace and proceed visually
  3. Abandon the aircraft's flight plan and turn back to the departure aerodrome
  4. Continue the approach and land without any further action

Explanation

Communications failure procedures require the pilot to squawk the designated code, maintain the last acknowledged clearance or follow the published lost-communication route, and land as soon as practicable in accordance with the applicable rules.

Question 39Air Law

What does a clearance issued by air traffic control authorise a pilot to do?

  1. It authorises flight in any airspace without further coordination
  2. It authorises the flight only within the specific limits and conditions stated in the clearance Correct answer.
  3. It transfers responsibility for terrain clearance to the controller
  4. It authorises any manoeuvre the pilot considers necessary for safety

Explanation

An ATC clearance authorises flight only within the limits and conditions specified. The pilot in command remains responsible for terrain clearance and for requesting an amended clearance when required.

Question 40Air Law

In the event of an in-flight emergency, what authority does the pilot in command have under PNG rules?

  1. The pilot must land at the nearest aerodrome regardless of the nature of the emergency
  2. The pilot must continue to comply with all clearances until the controller approves a deviation
  3. The pilot may only deviate if the aircraft is carrying dangerous goods
  4. The pilot may deviate from the rules to the extent necessary to meet the emergency and must notify the appropriate authority afterwards Correct answer.

Explanation

The pilot in command may deviate from the rules to the extent necessary to deal with an emergency, and is required to notify the appropriate authority and provide a report when requested. Safety of the aircraft and persons on board takes precedence.

Question 41Air Law

What is the standard emergency frequency monitored by pilots and air traffic services for distress communications?

  1. 123.45 MHz
  2. 118.0 MHz
  3. 126.7 MHz
  4. 121.5 MHz Correct answer.

Explanation

121.5 MHz is the international aeronautical emergency frequency used for distress and urgency communications. Pilots may use it when unable to establish contact on the appropriate control frequency.

Question 42Air Law

Which of the following best describes the requirement for a pilot to report an in-flight emergency to air traffic control?

  1. No report is required if the aircraft lands safely
  2. The pilot must wait until after landing to file a written report only
  3. The pilot should advise ATC as soon as practicable, stating the nature of the emergency and any assistance required Correct answer.
  4. The pilot must report only if the emergency involves a passenger injury

Explanation

Pilots should advise ATC promptly of an emergency, including the nature of the problem and the assistance required, so that traffic can be managed and emergency services alerted. A written report may follow where required.

Question 43Air Law

What is the purpose of a runway holding position marking at a controlled aerodrome?

  1. It marks the point beyond which an aircraft must not proceed without a clearance Correct answer.
  2. It indicates the maximum take-off mass permitted on the runway
  3. It marks the boundary of the apron parking area
  4. It indicates the touchdown zone for landing aircraft

Explanation

Runway holding position markings identify the limit of the protected runway area; an aircraft must not cross them without an explicit clearance. This protects the runway from incursions.

Question 44Air Law

An aircraft is cleared to land on a runway and the pilot notices an obstruction on the runway during the final approach. What is the correct action?

  1. Reduce power and land short of the obstruction
  2. Execute a go-around and advise air traffic control of the obstruction Correct answer.
  3. Land long to touch down beyond the obstruction
  4. Continue to land and rely on the obstruction clearing before touchdown

Explanation

A pilot who identifies a hazard on the runway should discontinue the approach and go around, advising ATC so the runway can be inspected and other traffic warned. Continuing to land with a known obstruction is unsafe.

Question 45Air Law

Which of the following is a required action for a pilot before entering an active runway at a controlled aerodrome?

  1. Obtain an explicit clearance from air traffic control Correct answer.
  2. Switch off the transponder to avoid interference
  3. Contact the aerodrome operator by telephone
  4. Confirm the runway is clear by visual inspection only

Explanation

At a controlled aerodrome, an aircraft must not enter or cross an active runway without an explicit ATC clearance. Visual inspection supplements but does not replace the clearance requirement.

Question 46Air Law

What does the term 'controlled flight into terrain' describe in the context of aviation safety reporting?

  1. An engine failure caused by fuel contamination
  2. A collision between two aircraft on the ground
  3. A deliberate act by a pilot to destroy the aircraft
  4. An accident in which an airworthy aircraft is flown unintentionally into terrain, water or an obstacle Correct answer.

Explanation

Controlled flight into terrain describes an occurrence in which an aircraft that is otherwise airworthy and under control is flown unintentionally into terrain, water or an obstacle. It is a recognised accident category addressed through training and warning systems.

Question 47Air Law

An operator identifies a recurring maintenance error that could affect safety. What is the most appropriate response under a safety management approach?

  1. Dismiss the error because no accident has resulted
  2. Record the error and take no action unless an accident occurs
  3. Wait for the regulator to discover the issue during an audit
  4. Report the issue through the safety reporting system and implement corrective action to manage the risk Correct answer.

Explanation

A safety management approach requires hazards to be identified, reported and assessed, with corrective action taken to reduce risk before an accident occurs. Proactive reporting is central to this process.

Question 48Air Law

Which of the following best describes the principle of just culture in aviation safety reporting?

  1. Reports are kept confidential only when the reporter is a licensed engineer
  2. Only managers are permitted to submit safety reports
  3. Honest errors are encouraged to be reported without fear of punishment, while reckless or deliberate violations remain subject to sanction Correct answer.
  4. All errors are punished to deter unsafe behaviour

Explanation

Just culture distinguishes between honest errors, which should be reported openly, and reckless or deliberate violations, which are subject to sanction. This balance encourages reporting while preserving accountability.

Question 49Air Law

An aircraft is being operated in PNG in a manner that creates an immediate risk to persons or property. What power does the regulator have in these circumstances?

  1. The regulator may suspend or vary the relevant licence or certificate to prevent the risk Correct answer.
  2. The regulator may act only if the operator agrees
  3. The regulator may only issue a written warning after the flight
  4. The regulator must wait for a court order before taking any action

Explanation

The regulator has the power to take immediate action, including suspending or varying a licence or certificate, where continued operation would create an unacceptable safety risk. Such action is subject to review through the applicable legal processes.

Question 50Air Law

A pilot is asked to operate an aircraft that the pilot believes has a defect affecting safety. What is the pilot's responsibility under PNG rules?

  1. Refuse to operate the aircraft until the defect is rectified or properly deferred in accordance with the approved maintenance arrangements Correct answer.
  2. Operate the aircraft if the passengers agree to the risk
  3. Operate the aircraft and report the defect after landing
  4. Operate the aircraft if the defect is minor and the flight is short

Explanation

The pilot in command must not operate an aircraft that is unairworthy or has a defect affecting safety unless the defect has been rectified or properly deferred under approved arrangements. The pilot has a duty to refuse operation in those circumstances.