Papua New Guinea Learner-Permit Knowledge Test cheat sheet

Regulatory signs (circle shape) impose legal requirements; red circles mean prohibition, blue circles mean mandatory instruction.

Warning signs are triangles with a red border and give advance notice of a hazard ahead.

Stop signs are octagonal and red; a full stop is required even when the road appears clear.

Give Way signs are inverted triangles; the driver must yield to traffic on the priority road.

A solid white centre line means no overtaking or crossing; a broken line permits crossing when safe.

A double solid centre line prohibits crossing from either direction; a single solid line binds only the side nearest it.

A flashing yellow traffic signal means proceed with caution after yielding to any hazard or already-moving traffic.

A red traffic signal means stop before the stop line; a green arrow permits movement only in the arrow's direction.

Pedestrian crossings are marked by broad white stripes (zebra); drivers must give way to pedestrians on them.

At an uncontrolled intersection, give way to the vehicle approaching from your right.

A vehicle turning across oncoming traffic must yield to that traffic before completing the turn.

At a T-intersection, traffic on the continuing road has right-of-way over traffic on the terminating road.

A vehicle entering a road from a driveway, private property or car park must give way to all traffic already on the road.

When two vehicles face each other and one signals a right turn, the right-turning vehicle yields to the one going straight.

Keep left unless overtaking; in PNG traffic drives on the left side of the road.

Overtaking is prohibited on blind crests, blind curves, at intersections and across solid centre lines.

A roundabout is entered by giving way to traffic already circulating on the roundabout.

The safe following gap in good conditions is at least two seconds, measured from when the car ahead passes a fixed point.

In rain, at night or on gravel, double the following gap to at least four seconds.

Total stopping distance = thinking (reaction) distance + braking distance; both increase with speed and with wet or gravel surfaces.

Braking distance rises with the square of speed: doubling speed roughly quadruples braking distance.

A hazard is any condition requiring a change of speed or direction; scan 12 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5-8 seconds.

Fatigue impairs reaction time comparably to low-level alcohol; a 15-minute rest break every two hours reduces risk.

On gravel roads, reduce speed, avoid sudden braking or steering, and increase following distance because grip is lower.

When an animal, pedestrian or vehicle enters the road, the priority order is brake first, then steer only if braking is insufficient.

The steering wheel is held at roughly the 9-and-3 or 10-and-2 positions with both hands for maximum control.

Before moving off: check mirrors, signal if required, check blind spot, then release the parking brake and move smoothly.

The parking brake (handbrake) holds the vehicle stationary; it is released before driving and applied when parked.

Understeer (front wheels lose grip) is corrected by easing off the accelerator and reducing steering input.

Oversteer (rear wheels lose grip) is corrected by easing off the accelerator and steering into the skid direction.

ABS prevents wheel lock-up under hard braking; the driver should press firmly and steer rather than pump the pedal.

Mirrors should be adjusted so the driver sees a sliver of the vehicle's side and the road behind; blind spots still require a head check.

Engine braking (selecting a lower gear on a descent) reduces reliance on the footbrake and prevents brake fade.

Alcohol slows reaction time, reduces judgment and impairs lane control and speed perception.

A driver's blood alcohol concentration rises with drinks consumed and falls only with time; coffee, food or cold air do not speed elimination.

Driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs is an offence; police may require a breath or blood test.

Illegal drugs and impairing prescription medicines can make driving an offence even where no alcohol is present.

Prescription medicines with drowsiness warnings can impair driving; the driver should check with a doctor or pharmacist.

Illness, extreme fatigue and emotional distress reduce fitness to drive; a driver who feels impaired should not drive.

A combination of alcohol and drugs impairs driving more than either alone, even at low doses of each.

A learner permit authorises driving only while supervised by a fully licensed driver and while displaying learner plates.

A learner must carry the permit while driving and produce it on request to a police officer.

Learner and provisional drivers are subject to lower blood alcohol limits and additional restrictions than fully licensed drivers.

A driver must hold the correct class of licence for the vehicle driven; driving outside the class is an offence.

The vehicle must be registered and hold current compulsory third-party insurance before it is driven on a public road.

Seat belts must be worn by the driver and all passengers; children must use an appropriate child restraint.

Drivers must stop and give assistance after a crash involving injury, and must report the crash to police.

Drivers must not use a hand-held mobile phone while driving; use is restricted to hands-free operation where permitted.

Road-safety responsibility includes obeying all signs and signals, keeping the vehicle roadworthy, and not driving when unfit.

A flashing red traffic signal has the same meaning as a stop sign: stop, then proceed when safe.

A yellow (amber) traffic signal means stop unless stopping cannot be done safely.

A green traffic signal means proceed if the intersection is clear; it does not guarantee right-of-way.

A traffic controller's signals override traffic lights and road signs.

A stop line is a solid white line across the lane; the vehicle must stop before it at a stop sign or red light.

A yellow painted box at an intersection (box junction) must not be entered unless the exit is clear.

Lane markings: broken white lines separate lanes travelling in the same direction; solid white lines mark the edge of the carriageway.

Direction arrows painted on the road indicate the only permitted movements from that lane.