The Letter Before Action That Contradicts Clause 8.2
You are a bilingual legal analyst at a London boutique. On Tuesday a partner asks you to prepare an English letter before action from instructions provided in Chinese by the client, a mainland supplier. The instructions say: '甲方应于收到通知后十日内付款' ('Party A shall pay within ten days of receiving notice'). The underlying contract, clause 8.2, says: 'The Buyer shall pay each undisputed invoice within 30 days of receipt.' The instructions also say '对方应先行补救', and a later sentence uses '其': '其应在合理期限内补救'. It is unclear whether '其' refers to the supplier or the buyer. The partner wants the letter sent today; the limitation period expires in six weeks. The client has not seen the draft.
1. Identify the discrepancies and explain how you would handle them as a drafter, not a translator.
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There are two substantive discrepancies. First, the instructions demand payment within ten days, but clause 8.2 gives the Buyer 30 days from receipt of each undisputed invoice. A letter before action that misstates the contractual period damages the client's credibility and may be used by the other side. Second, '其' is ambiguous: the duty to remedy could fall on the supplier or the buyer. As a drafter I have more latitude than a translator to improve clarity, but I cannot invent facts or choose a party without instructions. I would not send the letter today. I would send the partner a short query identifying both points, attach a marked-up draft with bracketed alternatives, and ask the client to confirm which entity must cure and which invoice and receipt date are relied on. The six-week limitation period is relevant but does not justify sending an inaccurate letter; there is time to obtain instructions and, if necessary, issue a protective letter that preserves rights without misstating clause 8.2.
2. Draft the operative payment paragraph in English with appropriate placeholders and a reservation of rights, and explain your choices.
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Draft: 'Under clause 8.2 of the Agreement, the Buyer was required to pay each undisputed invoice within 30 days of receipt. Invoice [number], dated [date], was received by the Buyer on [date]. Payment therefore fell due on [date]. As at the date of this letter, the sum of [amount] remains outstanding. Unless payment in full is received by [date], our client will commence proceedings to recover the outstanding sum, together with interest and costs. All of our client's rights and remedies are reserved.' I would use the defined term 'Buyer', not 'Party A', because the contract governs. I would not use 'ten days' unless the client confirms a separate contractual or statutory basis. I would preserve 'undisputed' because clause 8.2 is limited to undisputed invoices; omitting it would overstate the claim. The reservation of rights is standard, but I would not label the letter 'without prejudice', because a letter before action is intended to be open and may be shown to the court. I would leave the payment deadline as a placeholder until the partner confirms a date that is realistic and consistent with the pre-action protocol.
3. What do you do about the ambiguity in '其'?
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I would not resolve it by guessing. I would quote the Chinese sentence in a query to the partner and ask whether the obligation to remedy attaches to the Buyer's failure to pay or to the Supplier's alleged defective performance. If the contract contains a cure clause, I would ask for the clause number and draft the sentence by reference to that clause rather than to a pronoun. If instructions remain unclear, I would use a bracketed alternative such as '[the Buyer/the Supplier] shall remedy the breach within a reasonable time' and leave the bracket visible in the draft. I would not send a letter containing an unresolved bracket. If the partner insists on sending today, I would mark the letter as a draft for client approval and explain in writing that the ambiguity has not been confirmed. The limitation date is a reason to preserve rights, not a reason to attribute a breach to the wrong party.