NMAT (Philippines) key terms

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in a given context, such as happy and glad.

A word that expresses the opposite meaning of another word, such as hot and cold, often used to test vocabulary relationships.

A comparison showing how two pairs of words or ideas relate in the same way, often written as A is to B as C is to D.

A conclusion reached by reasoning from evidence or clues rather than by direct statement, often required when reading a passage.

The emotional or cultural association a word carries beyond its literal meaning, which can often be positive, negative, or neutral.

The literal, dictionary meaning of a word, considered separately from the feelings or ideas it may often suggest to readers.

A regular or repeating arrangement of shapes, numbers, or events that allows a person to predict what will come next.

An ordered set of items or numbers arranged according to a rule, such as adding a fixed amount each time.

The item in a group that does not share the common feature of the others and therefore does not belong.

A transformation that turns a figure around a fixed point by a certain angle without changing its size or shape.

A transformation that produces a mirror image of a figure across a line, reversing its orientation while keeping its size and shape.

A comparison of two quantities by division, often written with a colon, showing how many times one value contains another.

An equation stating that two ratios are equal, often used to solve problems involving direct scaling, recipes, or equivalent rates.

The arithmetic average found by adding all values in a set and dividing the sum by the number of values.

The middle value in a set of numbers arranged in order; if there is an even count, it is the average of the two middle values.

A number between zero and one that expresses how likely an event is to occur, often written as a fraction or percentage.

The ability to quickly notice small differences and similarities among visual symbols, letters, or shapes that look very much alike.

The visual perceptual ability to separate a main object or pattern from its background, especially when the background is distracting.

The understanding of how objects are positioned relative to one another in space, including their direction, distance, size, and orientation.

The rate at which a person can accurately compare, match, or identify visual information, especially when working under time pressure.

The smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms, containing genetic material and carrying out basic life processes.

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.

A type of cell division that produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal body conditions, such as temperature and blood sugar, despite external changes.

The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more, passing those traits on.

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, forming the smallest unit of a compound or element.

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, common in molecules such as water.

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions that attract.

A scale from zero to fourteen that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions, indicating how acidic or basic a solution is.

A measure of solution concentration equal to the number of moles of solute dissolved in exactly one liter of solution.

A vector quantity that describes the rate of change of an object's position, including both its speed and its direction of motion.

The rate at which an object's velocity changes over time, including when it speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.

A push or pull acting on an object that can change its motion, shape, or state of rest, measured in newtons.

The amount of energy transferred when a force moves an object over a distance in the direction of the force, calculated as force times displacement.

The mass of a substance per unit volume, often expressed in grams per cubic centimeter or kilograms per cubic meter.

The shared beliefs, values, customs, language, and practices that characterize a group of people and are passed from generation to generation.

A social rule or expectation that guides behavior in a group, often enforced through approval, disapproval, or other forms of sanction.

The ranking of individuals or groups in a society according to factors such as wealth, power, and prestige, creating unequal layers.

A sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services, which reduces the purchasing power of money over time.