SLPLE flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Phonology
- The study of the sound system of a language, including rules for combining and using speech sounds meaningfully.
- MLU
- Mean length of utterance, calculated by dividing total number of morphemes by total number of utterances; used to estimate syntactic development.
- Joint attention
- Shared focus of two individuals on an object or event, typically emerging around 9–12 months and foundational for language learning.
- Phonological process
- A systematic sound simplification pattern used by young children, such as final consonant deletion or fronting, expected to disappear by a certain age.
- Developmental language disorder
- A persistent language impairment not attributable to a known biomedical condition, affecting comprehension and/or production and impacting daily functioning.
- Stuttering core behaviors
- Repetitions of sounds, syllables, or words; prolongations; and blocks, which are the primary disfluencies in stuttering.
- Vocal fold nodules
- Benign callous-like growths on the vocal folds, often caused by vocal abuse, leading to hoarseness and reduced vocal range.
- Broca's aphasia
- Nonfluent aphasia with effortful, telegraphic speech, relatively preserved comprehension, and impaired repetition; associated with left frontal lesions.
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Fluent aphasia with poor auditory comprehension, impaired repetition, and often anosognosia; associated with left posterior temporal lesions.
- Dysarthria
- A motor speech disorder caused by neurological impairment, affecting strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements for speech.
- Apraxia of speech
- A motor planning/programming disorder characterized by inconsistent speech errors, groping, and difficulty initiating utterances, often with aphasia.
- VFSS
- Videofluoroscopic swallow study, a dynamic X-ray procedure that assesses oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing to identify aspiration and guide treatment.
- Pure-tone audiometry
- Behavioral test measuring hearing thresholds across frequencies, determining degree and type of hearing loss when compared with bone conduction.
- Air-bone gap
- Difference between air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds, indicating a conductive hearing loss component when greater than 10 dB.
- Tympanometry Type B
- A flat tympanogram with no peak pressure, suggesting middle ear effusion, perforation, or cerumen impaction.
- Otoacoustic emissions
- Sounds produced by outer hair cells of the cochlea, measured to assess cochlear function; absent OAEs suggest sensorineural loss greater than 25–30 dB HL.
- Cochlear implant
- A surgically implanted device that electrically stimulates the auditory nerve, indicated for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss with limited benefit from hearing aids.
- Standard score
- A transformed score with a known mean and standard deviation (e.g., mean 100, SD 15) used to interpret performance relative to normative sample.
- Dynamic assessment
- An interactive assessment approach that evaluates a child's learning potential through test-teach-retest, reducing cultural and linguistic bias.
- Sensitivity
- The proportion of individuals with a disorder who are correctly identified by a test; true positive rate.
- Specificity
- The proportion of individuals without a disorder who are correctly identified as not having it by a test; true negative rate.
- Evidence-based practice
- Clinical decision-making that integrates best available research evidence, clinician expertise, and client values and preferences.
- Minimal pairs therapy
- A phonological intervention using word pairs that differ by one sound to help children learn that sounds signal meaning differences.
- Lidcombe Program
- A behavioral fluency treatment for young children who stutter, delivered by parents with clinician training and weekly clinic visits.
- LSVT LOUD
- An intensive voice treatment for Parkinson's disease focusing on increased vocal loudness and effortful phonation to improve speech intelligibility.
- Constraint-induced language therapy
- An aphasia intervention that constrains use of compensatory gestures and forces spoken language production through intensive practice.
- Mendelsohn maneuver
- A swallow maneuver that prolongs laryngeal elevation and upper esophageal sphincter opening by voluntarily holding the larynx up during the swallow.
- ASHA Code of Ethics
- Professional guidelines for speech-language pathologists and audiologists, based on principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice.
- RA 11249
- The Philippine Speech-Language Pathology Act, which regulates the practice, licensure, and professional standards of speech-language pathologists in the Philippines.
- Informed consent
- The process of providing clients with information about assessment, treatment, risks, benefits, and alternatives, and obtaining voluntary agreement.
- Cultural competence
- The ability to provide services that respect and respond to the cultural and linguistic diversity of clients and their families.
- Scope of practice
- The range of professional activities that a speech-language pathologist is qualified and authorized to perform, as defined by law and professional standards.