PNP-SOSIA Private Detective flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- RA 11917
- Private Security Services Act of 2022; it repeals RA 5487 and regulates security guards, private detectives, agencies, and training institutions under the PNP-SOSIA.
- RA 5487
- Private Security Agency Law of 1969; it required a PNP license to operate a security agency and a separate license to exercise the security profession.
- License to operate
- A license issued to a security agency allowing it to provide security or detective services; individual guards still need a separate professional license.
- PNP-SOSIA
- Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies; the PNP unit that regulates and supervises private security agencies and guards in the Philippines.
- Dolo
- Intentional felony; the offender acts with deliberate intent, knowledge, and freedom, and the act is punishable under the Revised Penal Code.
- Culpa
- Negligent felony; the offender fails to exercise due diligence required by circumstances, causing injury or damage without deliberate intent.
- Conspiracy
- When two or more persons agree to commit a felony and decide to commit it; it may be proven by concerted acts showing a common design.
- Justifying circumstance
- A circumstance that negates criminal liability, such as self-defense, defense of stranger, state of necessity, fulfillment of duty, or obedience to lawful order.
- Warrantless arrest
- A lawful arrest without a warrant when a person is caught in flagrante delicto, a crime has just been committed with personal knowledge, or the person is an escaped prisoner.
- Chain of custody
- The documented, continuous record of seizure, custody, transfer, and analysis of evidence, ensuring integrity from collection to court presentation.
- Hearsay
- An out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted; it is generally inadmissible unless a recognized exception applies.
- Proof beyond reasonable doubt
- The degree of proof required in criminal cases, meaning moral certainty that the accused is guilty and excluding any reasonable doubt.
- First responder
- The first officer at a crime scene; duties include securing the scene, preserving evidence, assisting victims, and documenting observations without contaminating evidence.
- Entrapment
- A law enforcement technique where an opportunity is provided to a person already inclined to commit a crime; it is not a defense.
- Buy-bust operation
- A planned operation where an undercover officer or informant purchases illegal drugs or contraband from a suspect, followed by immediate arrest and evidence inventory.
- Miranda warnings
- Rights read to a person before custodial interrogation: right to remain silent, to counsel, and to be informed; waiver must be in writing with counsel.
- Dactyloscopy
- The forensic study of fingerprints for identification; fingerprints are permanent, unique, and immutable, with loop, whorl, and arch patterns.
- Class characteristics
- Features shared by a group of items, such as caliber and rifling grooves in firearms, used to narrow the possible source.
- Individual characteristics
- Unique features that identify a specific item, such as striations on a bullet or ridge minutiae in a fingerprint.
- Forensic DNA
- Analysis of DNA from biological samples for identification; unique except for identical twins, and requires strict chain of custody.
- Security survey
- A systematic assessment of a facility's vulnerabilities and risks, leading to recommended physical, personnel, and procedural security controls.
- Post orders
- Written instructions for a guard post describing duties, patrol routes, emergency procedures, and reporting requirements.
- Risk management
- The process of identifying, assessing, controlling, monitoring, and reviewing risks, often using insurance and layered security controls.
- Need-to-know principle
- A confidentiality rule limiting access to information only to persons who require it to perform their duties.
- Confidentiality
- The ethical duty not to disclose client or investigation information without consent or legal compulsion, except as required by law.
- Conflict of interest
- A situation where a professional's personal or financial interest could improperly influence judgment or duty to a client.
- Excessive force
- Force beyond what is reasonably necessary for lawful defense or arrest; it is prohibited and may create criminal and civil liability.
- Bribery
- Offering or accepting something of value to influence official action; it is illegal and must be refused and reported.
- Incident report
- A factual written account of an event including date, time, location, persons, narrative, evidence, witnesses, and action taken.
- Supplemental report
- A report filed after the original to add new information or correct errors; a signed original must never be altered.
- Active voice
- A sentence construction where the subject performs the action; it is preferred in reports for clarity and directness.
- Objective language
- Writing that states observable facts without personal bias, emotion, or unsupported conclusions; opinions must be clearly labeled.